Jiten beta

indicates possessive ; nominalizes verbs and adjectives ; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases ; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion ; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis ; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

通(つう)事(じ)

x5 | Rank #119,672

interpreter (esp. of Dutch and Chinese during the Edo period); interpretation ; court interpreter

三(さん)

x4 | Rank #323

three; 3

国(くに)

x8 | Rank #411

country; state ; region ; national government; central government ; home (i.e. hometown, home country) ; province (of Japan) ; land; earth

若(わか)い

x2 | Rank #890

young; youthful ; immature; green ; low (number); small

麻(ま)呂(ろ)

x2 | Rank #43,391

I; me ; (person having) thin or shaved eyebrows ; affectionate suffix for names of young men or pets

に

x98 | Rank #5

at (place, time); in; on; during ; to (direction, state); toward; into ; for (purpose) ; because of (reason); for; with ; by; from ; as (i.e. in the role of) ; per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month") ; and; in addition to ; if; although

ござる

x25 | Rank #484

to be

おお

x1 | Rank #327

oh!; good heavens! ; ugh!; oh no! ; ah!; the penny drops! ; yes!; okay!

こちら

x4 | Rank #263

this way; this direction ; here ; this (one) ; I; me; we; us ; this person

宋(そう)

x21 | Rank #21,112

Song dynasty (of China; 960-1279); Sung dynasty ; Liu Song dynasty (of China; 420-479); Liu Sung dynasty ; Song (ancient Chinese state; 11th century-286 BCE); Sung

商(しょう)人(にん)

x3 | Rank #3,107

merchant; trader; tradesman; dealer; shopkeeper

朱(あけ)

x10 | Rank #8,661

red; vermilion; cinnabar; scarlet

皆(みんな)

x1 | Rank #419

everyone; everybody; all ; everything; all

が

x53 | Rank #4

indicates the subject of a sentence ; indicates possession ; but; however; (and) yet; though; although; while ; and ; used after an introductory remark or explanation ; regardless of ...; whether ... (or not); no matter ... ; indicates a desire or hope ; softens a statement ; indicates doubt ; indicates scorn

大(たい)変(へん)

x2 | Rank #423

very; greatly; terribly; awfully ; immense; enormous; great ; serious; grave; dreadful; terrible ; difficult; hard; challenging ; major incident; disaster

お世(せ)話(わ)

x2 | Rank #1,612

help; aid; assistance

なる

x11 | Rank #44

to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain ; to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be) ; to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of ; to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished ; to change (into); to turn (into); to transform ; to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do) ; to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make ; to play (the part of); to act as ; to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as ; to be promoted

と

x39 | Rank #6

if; when ; and ; with ; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.) ; promoted pawn ; indicates a question

礼(れい)

x1 | Rank #2,089

thanks; gratitude ; manners; etiquette ; bow (i.e. bending of the body); bowing ; reward; gift ; ceremony; ritual ; key money

を

x66 | Rank #3

indicates direct object of action ; indicates subject of causative expression ; indicates an area traversed ; indicates time (period) over which action takes place ; indicates point of departure or separation of action ; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

申(もう)す

x4 | Rank #1,392

to say; to be called ; to do

ああ

x17 | Rank #53

ah!; oh!; alas! ; yes; indeed; that is correct ; aah; gah; argh ; hey!; yo! ; uh huh; yeah yeah; right; gotcha

今宵(こよい)

x1 | Rank #9,562

this evening; tonight

あちら

x3 | Rank #3,903

that way; that direction; over there; yonder ; that (one) ; that person ; there; over there; foreign country (esp. a Western nation)

で

x33 | Rank #10

at; in ; at; when ; by; with ; within; in ; and then; so ; and; then ; let me tell you; don't you know

お休(やす)み

x1 | Rank #3,645

holiday; day off; absence ; sleep; rest ; good night

いただく

x6 | Rank #357

to receive; to get; to accept; to take; to buy ; to eat; to drink ; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head); to have (on top) ; to have (as one's leader); to live under (a ruler); to install (a president) ; to get someone to do something

急(きゅう)

x1 | Rank #873

sudden; abrupt; unexpected ; urgent; pressing ; steep; sharp; precipitous ; rapid; swift; fast ; emergency; crisis; danger ; urgency; hurrying; haste ; (in gagaku or noh) end of a song

こと

x20 | Rank #13

thing; matter ; incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis ; circumstances; situation; state of affairs ; work; business; affair ; after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to ; nominalizing suffix ; pretending to ...; playing make-believe ... ; alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or ; necessity; need ; you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...

すむ

x2 | Rank #358

to finish; to end; to be completed ; to merely result in something less severe than expected ; to feel at ease ; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry

のう

x2 | Rank #1,113

emphasis-adding particle

いえいえ

x1 | Rank #2,593

no!; no no!; no, not at all

ニーハオ

x3 | Rank #54,824

hello

様(さま)

x20 | Rank #93

Mr; Mrs; Miss; Ms ; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions) ; state; situation; appearance; manner

堂(どう)々(どう)

x1 | Rank #2,924

magnificent; grand; impressive; dignified; majestic; imposing; stately ; fair; square; open; unashamed; brazen ; grandly; boldly; confidently ; fairly; squarely; unreservedly; brazenly

なさる

x2 | Rank #252

to do

礼(れい)儀(ぎ)

x1 | Rank #7,430

manners; courtesy; etiquette

正(ただ)しい

x1 | Rank #1,333

right; correct ; proper; righteous; just; honest; truthful; lawful

よい

x7 | Rank #170

good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable ; sufficient; enough; ready; prepared ; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial ; OK; all right; fine; no problem ; easy to ...

お方(かた)

x1 | Rank #3,624

lady; gentleman; person

見(み)える

x2 | Rank #283

to be seen; to be visible; to be in sight ; to look; to seem; to appear ; to come

者(しゃ)

x14 | Rank #454

person; -er ; expert; geisha; prostitute

そういう

x1 | Rank #185

such; like that; that sort of

も

x27 | Rank #7

too; also; in addition; as well; (not) either (in a negative sentence) ; both A and B; A as well as B; neither A nor B (in a negative sentence) ; even; as much as; as many as; as far as; as long as; no less than; no fewer than ; even if; even though; although; in spite of ; further; more; again; another; the other

のだ

x1 | Rank #3,939

the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...

まことに

x4 | Rank #10,868

indeed; really; absolutely; truly; actually; very; quite

ただ

x5 | Rank #172

ordinary; common; usual ; free of charge ; unaffected; as is; safe ; only; merely; just; simply ; but; however; nevertheless

分(わ)かる

x5 | Rank #136

to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to see; to get; to follow ; to become clear; to be known; to be discovered; to be realized; to be realised; to be found out ; I know!; I think so too!

ところ

x2 | Rank #167

place; spot; scene; site ; address ; district; area; locality ; one's house ; point; aspect; side; facet ; passage (in text); part ; space; room ; thing; matter ; whereupon; as a result ; about to; on the verge of

ある

x10 | Rank #36

to be; to exist; to live ; to have ; to be located ; to be equipped with ; to happen; to come about

なあ

x1 | Rank #225

don't ; do ; hey; listen; look; say ; now, ...; well, ...; I tell you!; you know ; wow; ooh ; right?; isn't it?; doesn't it?; don't you?; don't you think?

何(なに)故(ゆえ)

x3 | Rank #1,674

why

帰(き)国(こく)

x1 | Rank #8,703

return to one's country ; return to one's hometown

だろうか

x1 | Rank #598

don't you think?; indicates question

こう

x2 | Rank #209

in this way; like this; so; thus ; this (much); so ; uh; er; mm; well

さき

x1 | Rank #6,941

point; tip; end; nozzle ; head (of a line); front ; first; before; ahead (of) ; (the way) ahead; beyond ; future ; previous; prior; former; recent; last ; destination; address; place where you do something ; rest (e.g. of a story); continuation; remaining part ; the other party

国(こく)守(しゅ)

x8 | Rank #105,201

governor of a province (under the ritsuryō system) ; daimyo with a domain of one or more provinces

何(なに)

x4 | Rank #31

what ; you-know-what; that thing ; whatsit; whachamacallit; what's-his-name; what's-her-name ; penis; (one's) thing; dick ; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest ; what?; huh? ; hey!; come on! ; oh, no (it's fine); why (it's nothing); oh (certainly not)

する

x10 | Rank #18

to do; to carry out; to perform ; to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into) ; to serve as; to act as; to work as ; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.) ; to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as ; to decide on; to choose ; to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.) ; to be (in a state, condition, etc.) ; to be worth; to cost ; to pass (of time); to elapse

でしょう

x4 | Rank #155

it seems; I think; I guess; I wonder ; right?; don't you agree?

国(こく)府(ふ)

x2 | Rank #67,066

Nationalist Government (of China; i.e. under the Kuomintang) ; provincial office (under the ritsuryō system); provincial capital

入(い)る

x1 | Rank #195

to enter; to go in; to get in; to come in ; to set (of the sun or moon); to sink; to go down ; to attain (nirvana, enlightenment, etc.); to achieve; to reach (e.g. a climax) ; to do fully; to do intently; to do sincerely; to do deeply; to feel keenly ; to (reach a state) completely

すぐに

x1 | Rank #361

immediately; right away; at once; instantly

調(しら)べる

x3 | Rank #784

to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study; to inquire; to search

望(ぼう)郷(きょう)の念(ねん)

x1 | Rank #111,044

sense of nostalgia

駆(か)る

x1 | Rank #10,218

to spur on; to urge forward; to impel ; to drive at high speed (e.g. a car)

て

x9 | Rank #21

you said; he said; she said; they said ; even if ; do you seriously think that ; I already told you; you should know by now that; of course ; the said ...; said ... ; says that ... ; I hear that ... ; as for the term ... ; as for ...

おる

x9 | Rank #370

to be (animate); to be; to exist ; to be ...-ing ; to (have the audacity to) do

はずだ

x1 | Rank #463

be supposed or expected to (do); be sure to (do); ought to (do)

先(さき)ほど

x1 | Rank #1,582

a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago

けんか

x1 | Rank #3,952

quarrel; brawl; fight; squabble; scuffle; argument

帰(かえ)る

x4 | Rank #202

to return; to come home; to go home; to go back ; to leave (of a guest, customer, etc.) ; to get home; to get to home plate

ない

x4 | Rank #35

nonexistent; not being (there) ; unowned; not had; unpossessed ; unique ; not; impossible; won't happen ; not ; to not be; to have not

争(あらそ)う

x1 | Rank #4,609

to compete; to contest; to contend ; to quarrel; to argue; to dispute; to be at variance; to oppose ; to deny (e.g. evidence)

ように

x3 | Rank #77

like; as ; so that; in order that; so as to; in order to ; be sure to ; I hope (that); I pray (that); may

聞(き)こえる

x1 | Rank #664

to be heard; to be audible; to reach one's ears ; to sound (like); to come across (as) ; to be well known; to be famous ; to accept (someone's words); to agree; to understand

ですか

x2 | Rank #87

indicates question

よく

x3 | Rank #189

nicely; properly; well; skillfully; skilfully ; frequently; often ; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ... ; (you have) quite the nerve to; I don't know how you can ...

となく

x1 | Rank #27,147

adds vagueness and indirectness to the word or phrase it is used with

だ

x14 | Rank #8

be; is

父(ちち)

x11 | Rank #545

father

上(うえ)

x9 | Rank #176

above; over; up ; top; summit; upper part; head (e.g. of a staircase) ; surface; on (top of) ; the above (in a piece of writing); earlier part ; superior; better; higher (position, rank, etc.); upper (class) ; elder; older; senior ; with respect to ...; in terms of; as far as ... is concerned; when (e.g. drunk) ; besides ...; in addition to ...; on top of ...; as well as ... ; after ...; upon ...; on ...; with (e.g. full awareness); as a result of ... ; since ...; now that ...; because ...

言(こと)葉(ば)

x5 | Rank #192

language; dialect ; word; phrase; expression; term ; speech; (manner of) speaking; (use of) language ; words; remark; statement; comment ; learning to speak; language acquisition

お話(はな)し

x1 | Rank #8,680

story; tale ; talk; discussion

初(はじ)めて

x1 | Rank #362

for the first time ; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; not until ... do you ... ; first time; (one's) first

見(み)る

x4 | Rank #88

to see; to look; to watch; to view; to observe ; to examine; to look over; to assess; to check; to judge ; to look after; to attend to; to take care of; to keep an eye on ; to experience; to meet with (misfortune, success, etc.) ; to try ...; to have a go at ...; to give ... a try ; to see (that) ...; to find (that) ...

話(はな)す

x2 | Rank #307

to talk; to speak; to converse; to chat ; to tell; to explain; to narrate; to mention; to describe; to discuss ; to speak (a language)

という

x4 | Rank #61

called; named; that says; that ; as many as; as much as ; all ...; every single ...

ほど

x1 | Rank #224

extent; degree; measure ; limit; bounds ; (span of) time ; (a) distance ; the state of; the status of; the condition of ; about; around; approximately; or so ; as much as ...; to the extent of ...; like ... ; the more ... the more ...

でも

x1 | Rank #39

but; however; though; nevertheless; still; yet; even so; also; as well ; even ; however; no matter how; even if; even though ; ... or something ; either ... or ...; neither ... nor ... ; pseudo-; quack; in-name-only ; for lack of anything better to do

渡(わた)る

x2 | Rank #2,083

to cross over; to go across ; to extend; to cover; to range; to span

のです

x3 | Rank #350

the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...

よね

x1 | Rank #126

isn't that right?

その

x6 | Rank #28

that; the ; part (as in "part two") ; um ...; er ...; uh ...

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