a little; a bit; slightly ; just a minute; for a moment; briefly ; somewhat; rather; fairly; pretty; quite ; (not) easily; (not) readily ; hey!; come on; excuse me ; thanks, but no; not feasible; not possible
indicates direct object of action ; indicates subject of causative expression ; indicates an area traversed ; indicates time (period) over which action takes place ; indicates point of departure or separation of action ; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to put to use ; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to handle; to manage; to manipulate ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend; to consume ; to use (language); to speak
to kill; to slay; to murder; to slaughter ; to suppress; to block; to hamper; to destroy (e.g. talent); to eliminate (e.g. an odour); to spoil (e.g. a flavour); to kill (e.g. one's speed) ; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back; to stifle (a yawn, laugh, etc.); to hold (one's breath) ; to put out (a runner) ; to pawn; to put in hock
to do; to carry out; to perform ; to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into) ; to serve as; to act as; to work as ; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.) ; to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as ; to decide on; to choose ; to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.) ; to be (in a state, condition, etc.) ; to be worth; to cost ; to pass (of time); to elapse
at (place, time); in; on; during ; to (direction, state); toward; into ; for (purpose) ; because of (reason); for; with ; by; from ; as (i.e. in the role of) ; per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month") ; and; in addition to ; if; although
to ask; to inquire ; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to pursue (question of responsibility); to charge with ; to care about; to regard as important ; to call into question; to doubt; to question
you said; he said; she said; they said ; even if ; do you seriously think that ; I already told you; you should know by now that; of course ; the said ...; said ... ; says that ... ; I hear that ... ; as for the term ... ; as for ...
to make a decision; to draw a conclusion ; to give a judgement; to hand down a verdict; to pass a sentence; to give an order ; to let go down; to lower ; to do oneself; to do by oneself ; to beat; to defeat ; to have loose bowels; to have diarrhea ; to pass (in stool); to discharge from the body ; to do in one go; to do to the end without stopping
indicates the subject of a sentence ; indicates possession ; but; however; (and) yet; though; although; while ; and ; used after an introductory remark or explanation ; regardless of ...; whether ... (or not); no matter ... ; indicates a desire or hope ; softens a statement ; indicates doubt ; indicates scorn
left and right; right and left ; (asserting) control; influence; domination ; one's attendants; people accompanying one ; (serving at someone's) side ; equivocation
to commit (e.g. crime); to perpetrate; to make (e.g. mistake) ; to break (e.g. rule); to violate; to transgress; to contravene ; to rape; to violate; to ravish; to deflower
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since ; from (originator); by ; because; since ; out of (constituent, part) ; through (e.g. window, vestibule) ; after; since ; expresses sympathy or warning
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to arrive ; to come back; to do ... and come back ; to come to be; to become; to get; to grow; to continue ; to come from; to be caused by; to derive from ; to come to (e.g. "when it comes to spinach ...")
to meet (by chance); to come across; to run across; to encounter; to happen upon ; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.) ; to emerge and engage (an enemy)
to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain ; to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be) ; to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of ; to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished ; to change (into); to turn (into); to transform ; to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do) ; to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make ; to play (the part of); to act as ; to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as ; to be promoted
to send; to dispatch; to forward; to transmit; to ship; to remit ; to see (someone) off; to escort; to accompany; to take ; to bid farewell to (the departed); to say goodbye to; to bury ; to spend (time); to pass; to lead (a life); to live ; to pass (on, along); to advance (a runner) ; to affix (okurigana)
behind; rear ; after; later ; remainder; the rest ; more (e.g. five more minutes); left ; also; in addition ; descendant; successor; heir ; after one's death ; past; previous
thing; matter ; incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis ; circumstances; situation; state of affairs ; work; business; affair ; after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to ; nominalizing suffix ; pretending to ...; playing make-believe ... ; alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or ; necessity; need ; you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
to quarry; to cut (timber); to cut and carry off ; to begin to talk; to break the ice; to broach ; to start a fire (with flint, by rubbing sticks together, etc.) ; to select and extract (from a media file); to splice out
to hold in one's arms (e.g. a baby); to embrace; to hug ; to have (a thought or feeling); to hold; to harbour (suspicion, doubt, etc.); to harbor; to bear (a grudge, ill will, etc.); to entertain (hope, illusions, etc.); to cherish (e.g. an ambition)
to be packed (with); to be filled; to be full (e.g. of a schedule) ; to be blocked (of a pipe, nose, etc.); to be clogged; to be stopped up ; to be become shorter; to shrink; to narrow ; to be at a loss (for); to be pressed (for); to be stuck (for) ; to come to the end; to be settled ; to become a geminate consonant ; to hit the bat close to the batter's hands (of a pitch); to hit off the fists; to get jammed
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to traverse ; to lay across; to build across ; to hand over; to hand in; to pass; to give; to transfer
to dash over oneself (e.g. water); to take (e.g. shower); to bask in (e.g. the sun); to bathe in; to be flooded with (e.g. light); to be covered in ; to suffer (e.g. an attack); to draw (e.g. criticism, attention, praise); to have heaped upon; to be showered with
to receive; to get ; to catch (e.g. a ball) ; to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.) ; to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to suffer (an injury); to feel (influence) ; to undergo (e.g. surgery); to take (a test); to accept (a challenge) ; to be given (e.g. life, talent) ; to find funny; to find humorous; to be amused (by) ; to follow; to succeed; to be descended from ; to face (south, etc.) ; to be modified by
to be hit; to strike ; to touch; to be in contact; to be affixed ; to be equivalent to; to be applicable; to apply to ; to be right on the money (of a prediction, criticism, etc.) ; to be selected (in a lottery, etc.); to win ; to be successful; to go well; to be a hit ; to face; to confront ; to lie (in the direction of) ; to undertake; to be assigned ; to be stricken (by food poisoning, heat, etc.); to be afflicted