indicates the subject of a sentence ; indicates possession ; but; however; (and) yet; though; although; while ; and ; used after an introductory remark or explanation ; regardless of ...; whether ... (or not); no matter ... ; indicates a desire or hope ; softens a statement ; indicates doubt ; indicates scorn
to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to see; to get; to follow ; to become clear; to be known; to be discovered; to be realized; to be realised; to be found out ; I know!; I think so too!
indicates direct object of action ; indicates subject of causative expression ; indicates an area traversed ; indicates time (period) over which action takes place ; indicates point of departure or separation of action ; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; on; during ; to (direction, state); toward; into ; for (purpose) ; because of (reason); for; with ; by; from ; as (i.e. in the role of) ; per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month") ; and; in addition to ; if; although
there (place relatively near listener) ; there (place just mentioned); that place ; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised) ; you
to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do) ; to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable ; to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.) ; to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up ; to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready ; to grow (of a crop); to be produced ; to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character ; to be by nature; to be born ... ; to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone) ; to get pregnant
and the like; such as; among other things; and so on ; or something; something like; a (certain) ; I hear that ...; people say that...; rumour has it that ... ; or something; something like; or whatever
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of) ; apart from... (used to change the topic) ; even (e.g. "not even a single person") ; thinking that...; trying to...
to do; to carry out; to perform ; to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into) ; to serve as; to act as; to work as ; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.) ; to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as ; to decide on; to choose ; to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.) ; to be (in a state, condition, etc.) ; to be worth; to cost ; to pass (of time); to elapse
presentation (of documents); submission (of an application, report, etc.); production (e.g. of evidence); introduction (e.g. of a bill); filing; turning in
to make; to produce; to manufacture; to build; to construct ; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol) ; to raise; to grow; to cultivate; to train ; to till ; to draw up (a document); to make out; to prepare; to write ; to create (an artistic work, etc.); to compose ; to coin (a phrase); to organize; to organise; to establish; to found ; to have (a child) ; to make up (one's face, etc.) ; to fabricate (an excuse, etc.)
head ; hair (on one's head) ; mind; brains; intellect ; leader; chief; boss; captain ; top; tip ; beginning; start ; head; person ; down payment; deposit ; top structural component of a kanji ; pair
teacher; instructor; master ; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc. ; intimate or teasing form of address ; one's elder
to differ (from); to be different; to be distinct; to be unlike; to vary; to disagree (with) ; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to be mistaken ; to become abnormal; to go wrong ; isn't it?; wasn't it?
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since ; from (originator); by ; because; since ; out of (constituent, part) ; through (e.g. window, vestibule) ; after; since ; expresses sympathy or warning
to do; to undertake; to perform; to play (a game); to study ; to send; to dispatch; to despatch ; to put; to move; to turn (one's head, glance, etc.) ; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status); to let have; to present; to bestow; to confer ; to make (a vehicle) go faster ; to run (a business); to keep; to be engaged in; to practice (law, medicine, etc.); to practise ; to have (food, drink, etc.); to eat; to drink; to smoke ; to hold (a performance); to perform; to show ; to ease (one's mind) ; to harm; to injure; to kill
to know; to be aware (of); to be conscious (of); to learn (of); to find out; to discover ; to sense; to feel; to notice; to realize ; to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to appreciate ; to remember; to be familiar with; to be acquainted with ; to experience; to go through; to know (e.g. hardship) ; to get acquainted with (a person); to get to know ; to have to do with; to be concerned with; to be one's concern; to be one's responsibility
to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to put to use ; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to handle; to manage; to manipulate ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend; to consume ; to use (language); to speak
to have a warped view; to be jaundiced; to be prejudiced ; to feel that one has been unfairly treated ; to be jealous; to be envious; to have an inferiority complex
to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain ; to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be) ; to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of ; to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished ; to change (into); to turn (into); to transform ; to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do) ; to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make ; to play (the part of); to act as ; to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as ; to be promoted
above; over; up ; top; summit; upper part; head (e.g. of a staircase) ; surface; on (top of) ; the above (in a piece of writing); earlier part ; superior; better; higher (position, rank, etc.); upper (class) ; elder; older; senior ; with respect to ...; in terms of; as far as ... is concerned; when (e.g. drunk) ; besides ...; in addition to ...; on top of ...; as well as ... ; after ...; upon ...; on ...; with (e.g. full awareness); as a result of ... ; since ...; now that ...; because ...
to spend (time); to pass; to lead (a life); to live ; to overdo (esp. alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); to carry too far; to carry to excess ; to take care of; to support ; to overdo; to do too much ; to ... without acting on it; to ... without getting involved
to fish ; to look for; to search for; to hunt for; to scavenge; to scrounge; to look through; to rummage through ; to go on a spree (spending, reading, etc.); to binge
thing; matter ; incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis ; circumstances; situation; state of affairs ; work; business; affair ; after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to ; nominalizing suffix ; pretending to ...; playing make-believe ... ; alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or ; necessity; need ; you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...