Jiten beta

indicates possessive ; nominalizes verbs and adjectives ; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases ; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion ; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis ; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

影(かげ)

x4 | Rank #1,084

shadow; silhouette; figure; shape ; reflection; image ; ominous sign ; light (stars, moon) ; trace; shadow (of one's former self) ; behind; background; other side

第(だい)二(に)

x3 | Rank #2,176

second

章(しょう)

x8 | Rank #3,508

chapter; section ; medal; badge; insignia

隣(りん)国(ごく)

x10 | Rank #20,786

neighbouring country; neighboring country; adjacent country

より

x47 | Rank #152

than ; rather than; instead of; over; above ; from; out of; since; at; on (and after) ; except; but; other than ; more

使(し)者(しゃ)

x4 | Rank #6,707

messenger; envoy; emissary

第(だい)三(さん)

x2 | Rank #3,395

third

理(り)想(そう)

x15 | Rank #2,763

ideal; ideals

と

x903 | Rank #6

if; when ; and ; with ; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.) ; promoted pawn ; indicates a question

現(げん)実(じつ)

x18 | Rank #1,170

reality; actuality; hard fact

狭間(はざま)

x4 | Rank #12,119

interval; space; interstice; threshold ; valley; gorge; ravine ; loophole (in a wall); crenel; eyelet

第(だい)四(よん)

x2 | Rank #6,664

fourth

西(にし)

x5 | Rank #1,961

west

へ

x196 | Rank #80

to; towards; for

第(だい)五(ご)

x2 | Rank #9,955

fifth

力(ちから)

x52 | Rank #195

force; strength; might; vigour; vigor; energy ; capability; ability; proficiency; capacity; faculty ; efficacy; effect ; effort; endeavours; endeavors; exertions ; power; authority; influence; good offices; agency ; support; help; aid; assistance ; stress; emphasis ; means; resources

証(しょう)明(めい)

x5 | Rank #2,192

proof; testimony; demonstration; verification; certification

エピローグ

x2 | Rank #23,199

epilogue

あとがき

x4 | Rank #7,465

afterword; postscript

亜(あ)人(じん)

x37 | Rank #8,275

subhuman; demi-human ; Argentinian (person) ; American (person)

人(にん)間(げん)

x160 | Rank #172

human being; human; person; man; mankind; humankind ; character (of a person)

間(あいだ)

x46 | Rank #385

space (between); gap; interval; distance; stretch ; period of time (during, while); duration; interval ; between (two parties or things) ; among (a group) ; relations (between); relationship ; midpoint; average; halfway; middle ground ; due to; because of

に

x1848 | Rank #5

at (place, time); in; on; during ; to (direction, state); toward; into ; for (purpose) ; because of (reason); for; with ; by; from ; as (i.e. in the role of) ; per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month") ; and; in addition to ; if; although

横(よこ)たわる

x2 | Rank #8,284

to lie down; to stretch out ; to lie ahead (of danger, difficulty, etc.); to lie in wait

因(いん)縁(ねん)

x1 | Rank #7,926

fate; destiny ; connection; tie; bond; origin ; pretext; justification ; hetu and prataya (direct causes and indirect conditions, which underlie the actions of all things)

その

x227 | Rank #27

that; the ; part (as in "part two") ; um ...; er ...; uh ...

始(はじ)まり

x3 | Rank #2,857

origin; beginning; start

は

x1817 | Rank #2

indicates sentence topic ; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated) ; adds emphasis

実(じつ)のところ

x1 | Rank #14,524

as a matter of fact; to tell the truth

それ

x224 | Rank #26

that; it ; then; that point (in time); that time ; there ; you

程(ほど)

x28 | Rank #2,142

extent; degree; measure ; limit; bounds ; (span of) time ; (a) distance ; the state of; the status of; the condition of ; about; around; approximately; or so ; as much as ...; to the extent of ...; like ... ; the more ... the more ...

歴(れき)史(し)

x8 | Rank #1,744

history

が

x1620 | Rank #4

indicates the subject of a sentence ; indicates possession ; but; however; (and) yet; though; although; while ; and ; used after an introductory remark or explanation ; regardless of ...; whether ... (or not); no matter ... ; indicates a desire or hope ; softens a statement ; indicates doubt ; indicates scorn

古(ふる)い

x1 | Rank #1,781

old; aged; ancient; antiquated; antique; timeworn ; long; since long ago; time-honored ; of the distant past; long-ago ; stale; threadbare; hackneyed; corny ; old-fashioned; outmoded; out-of-date

という

x170 | Rank #59

called; named; that says; that ; as many as; as much as ; all ...; every single ...

訳(わけ)

x59 | Rank #989

reason; cause; grounds ; meaning; sense ; (good) sense; reason ; circumstances; case ; (romantic) relationship; love affair

ではない

x87 | Rank #211

is not; am not; are not

戦(せん)乱(らん)

x5 | Rank #20,339

wars; disturbances

絶(た)える

x1 | Rank #7,092

to die out; to peter out; to become extinct ; to cease; to be stopped; to be discontinued; to be cut off

大(だい)地(ち)

x26 | Rank #2,238

earth; ground; the solid earth; the (vast) land

世(せ)界(かい)

x33 | Rank #222

the world; society; the universe ; sphere; circle; world ; world-renowned; world-famous ; realm governed by one Buddha; space

では

x112 | Rank #69

then; well; so; well then ; bye then ; at; in; by; with; using ; if not ...; unless ...

考(こう)古(こ)学(がく)

x1 | Rank #25,424

archaeology; archeology

的(てき)

x9 | Rank #538

-ical; -ive; -al; -ic; -y ; -like; -ish; -sort of; -kind of ; (something) like; along the lines of ; -wise; in terms of; for; from the viewpoint of; from a ... standpoint; as far as ... is concerned ; Mr.; Ms.; Mrs.

学(がく)術(じゅつ)研(けん)究(きゅう)

x1 | Rank #125,139

academic study; academic research

進(すす)む

x13 | Rank #925

to advance; to go forward ; to precede; to go ahead (of) ; to make progress; to improve ; to deepen; to heighten ; to be fast (of a clock); to be ahead ; to do of one's own free will

為(ため)

x28 | Rank #1,960

good; advantage; benefit; welfare ; sake; purpose; objective; aim ; consequence; result; effect ; affecting; regarding; concerning

確(たし)か

x5 | Rank #828

sure; certain; positive; definite ; reliable; trustworthy; safe; sound; firm; accurate; correct; exact ; If I'm not mistaken; If I remember correctly; If I remember rightly

事(こと)

x285 | Rank #94

thing; matter ; incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis ; circumstances; situation; state of affairs ; work; business; affair ; after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to ; nominalizing suffix ; pretending to ...; playing make-believe ... ; alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or ; necessity; need ; you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...

未(いま)だに

x5 | Rank #6,644

still; even now; to this day

闇(やみ)

x4 | Rank #965

darkness; the dark ; bewilderment; despair; hopelessness ; hidden place; secrecy; oblivion ; black market; shady trading; underhand transactions; illegal channels

中(うち)

x42 | Rank #113

inside; within ; while (e.g. one is young); during; within (e.g. a day); in the course of ; among; amongst; (out) of; between ; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.); amidst; with (e.g. success) ; within oneself; one's feelings; inner thoughts ; we; our company; our organization ; one's home; one's family ; my spouse; my husband; my wife ; signed on behalf of (husband's name) by his wife ; I; me

だが

x244 | Rank #107

but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that

地(ち)球(きゅう)

x7 | Rank #1,058

Earth; the globe

似(に)る

x3 | Rank #864

to resemble; to look like; to be like; to be alike; to be similar; to take after

ような

x54 | Rank #100

like; similar to ; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that) ; feels like; feels similar to; feels as if

様(よう)な

x24 | Rank #6,230

like; similar to ; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that) ; feels like; feels similar to; feels as if

進(しん)化(か)

x1 | Rank #3,096

evolution ; evolution; becoming more advanced; progress; development; improvement

を

x2196 | Rank #3

indicates direct object of action ; indicates subject of causative expression ; indicates an area traversed ; indicates time (period) over which action takes place ; indicates point of departure or separation of action ; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

遂(と)げる

x2 | Rank #8,081

to accomplish; to achieve; to carry out ; to arrive at (a certain outcome); to come to; to end with

数(かず)

x37 | Rank #483

number; amount

万(まん)

x3 | Rank #3,108

10,000; ten thousand ; myriad ; everything; all ; various

年(とし)

x31 | Rank #146

year ; age; years ; past one's prime; old age

存(そん)在(ざい)

x30 | Rank #471

existence; being; presence

する

x308 | Rank #18

to do; to carry out; to perform ; to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into) ; to serve as; to act as; to work as ; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.) ; to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as ; to decide on; to choose ; to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.) ; to be (in a state, condition, etc.) ; to be worth; to cost ; to pass (of time); to elapse

であろう

x7 | Rank #1,278

will; probably; may; I think; surely; I hope; I fear; it seems

で

x569 | Rank #10

at; in ; at; when ; by; with ; within; in ; and then; so ; and; then ; let me tell you; don't you know

両(りょう)者(しゃ)

x16 | Rank #5,386

pair; the two; both persons; both things

確(かく)執(しつ)

x2 | Rank #29,282

discord; antagonism

生(う)まれる

x4 | Rank #872

to be born

極(きわ)めて

x8 | Rank #5,014

exceedingly; extremely; decisively

最(さい)近(きん)

x3 | Rank #491

recently; lately; these days; nowadays; right now ; nearest; closest

しかない

x33 | Rank #633

having no choice but to ...; all one can do is ...; there's nothing to do except ... ; having nothing but ...; there is only ...; having only ...; having no more than ...

だ

x508 | Rank #8

be; is

少(すく)なくとも

x18 | Rank #1,583

at least

創(そう)成(せい)期(き)

x1 | Rank #149,809

initial stage; early period; early days; early years

から

x354 | Rank #12

from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since ; from (originator); by ; because; since ; out of (constituent, part) ; through (e.g. window, vestibule) ; after; since ; expresses sympathy or warning

対(たい)立(りつ)

x2 | Rank #8,902

confrontation; opposition; antagonism

創(そう)造(ぞう)主(しゅ)

x1 | Rank #35,754

Creator

命(めい)じる

x10 | Rank #3,670

to order; to command ; to appoint

て

x186 | Rank #21

you said; he said; she said; they said ; even if ; do you seriously think that ; I already told you; you should know by now that; of course ; the said ...; said ... ; says that ... ; I hear that ... ; as for the term ... ; as for ...

いる

x100 | Rank #54

to be (of animate objects); to exist ; to stay ; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing

ある

x40 | Rank #38

to be; to exist; to live ; to have ; to be located ; to be equipped with ; to happen; to come about

がち

x2 | Rank #3,293

apt to (do); liable to; prone to; inclined to; tend to ; predominantly; mostly; having lots of ; ... reaps the rewards; ... takes the prize; ... wins

設(せっ)定(てい)

x3 | Rank #2,794

establishment; creation; posing (a problem); setting (movie, novel, etc.); scene ; options setting; preference settings; configuration; setup

ない

x36 | Rank #35

nonexistent; not being (there) ; unowned; not had; unpossessed ; unique ; not; impossible; won't happen ; not ; to not be; to have not

いや

x40 | Rank #76

disliking; not wanting; unwilling (to do); reluctant ; unpleasant; disagreeable; nasty; horrible; disgusting; undesirable; unwelcome ; no!; quit it!; stop!

どころ

x3 | Rank #2,378

the place for; the time for; the level of

か

x317 | Rank #9

indicates a question ; or; whether or not ; some- (e.g. something, someone) ; hmm; huh ; very ; -al; -ial; -ic; -ical; -ish; -y ; in that way

ある時(とき)

x1 | Rank #8,663

on one occasion; once; at one point; at one time

点(てん)

x22 | Rank #790

dot; spot; point; speck; mark ; mark (in an exam, etc.); grade; score; points ; point (in a game); score; goal; run ; point ; point; aspect; matter; detail; part; respect; way; viewpoint ; (punctuation) mark (e.g. comma, period, decimal point); dot ; "dot" stroke (in a Chinese character) ; counter for points, marks, goals, etc. ; counter for goods, items, articles of clothing, works of art, etc.

まで

x65 | Rank #60

until (a time); till; to; up to ; to (a place or person); as far as ; to (an extent); up to; so far as; even ; only; merely

上手(うま)い

x9 | Rank #1,878

skillful; skilful; skilled; good; expert; clever (expression, trick, etc.); apt; appropriate ; delicious; tasty; good; nice ; good (deal, idea, etc.); profitable; promising; lucky; fortunate; successful; satisfactory; splendid

共(きょう)存(そん)共(きょう)栄(えい)

x1 | Rank #64,528

co-existence and co-prosperity

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