to take; to pick up; to grab; to catch; to hold ; to pass; to hand; to give ; to get; to obtain; to acquire; to win; to receive; to earn; to take (e.g. a vacation) ; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.); to take (a measure, attitude, etc.); to choose ; to remove; to get rid of; to take off ; to take away; to steal; to rob ; to eat; to have (e.g. lunch); to take (e.g. vitamins) ; to pick (e.g. flowers); to gather; to extract (e.g. juice); to catch (e.g. fish); to harvest (a crop) ; to take up (time, space); to occupy; to spare; to set aside ; to secure; to reserve; to save; to put aside; to keep
indicates the subject of a sentence ; indicates possession ; but; however; (and) yet; though; although; while ; and ; used after an introductory remark or explanation ; regardless of ...; whether ... (or not); no matter ... ; indicates a desire or hope ; softens a statement ; indicates doubt ; indicates scorn
Japanese league; ri; old Japanese unit of distance, approx. 3.927 km or 2.44 miles ; neighbourhood (under the ritsuryō system; orig. of 50 homes) ; unit of area (approx. 654 m by 654 m)
indicates direct object of action ; indicates subject of causative expression ; indicates an area traversed ; indicates time (period) over which action takes place ; indicates point of departure or separation of action ; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
scaffold; scaffolding ; foothold; footing ; foothold (e.g. in business); foundation; base ; convenience for transportation; convenience of access (by road or rail)
right?; isn't it?; doesn't it?; don't you?; don't you think? ; hey; say; listen; look; come on ; you know; you see; I must say; I should think ; will you?; please ; so, ...; well, ...; you see, ...; you understand? ; I'm not sure if ...; I have my doubts about whether ...
too; also; in addition; as well; (not) either (in a negative sentence) ; both A and B; A as well as B; neither A nor B (in a negative sentence) ; even; as much as; as many as; as far as; as long as; no less than; no fewer than ; even if; even though; although; in spite of ; further; more; again; another; the other
dark; gloomy; murky ; depressed; dispirited; down in the dumps; dark (mood) ; dark (in colour); dull ; ill-boding; dark (e.g. past); suspicious ; unlikely (to succeed); hopeless; unpromising ; unfamiliar (with); ignorant (of)
but; however; though; nevertheless; still; yet; even so; also; as well ; even ; however; no matter how; even if; even though ; ... or something ; either ... or ...; neither ... nor ... ; pseudo-; quack; in-name-only ; for lack of anything better to do
to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to put to use ; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to handle; to manage; to manipulate ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend; to consume ; to use (language); to speak
such things as ...; and ... and ; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; as soon as ; be; is ; o; oh ; huh; what ; hi ; yes; what? ; yes?; no?; is it?; isn't it?
at (place, time); in; on; during ; to (direction, state); toward; into ; for (purpose) ; because of (reason); for; with ; by; from ; as (i.e. in the role of) ; per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month") ; and; in addition to ; if; although
to do; to carry out; to perform ; to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into) ; to serve as; to act as; to work as ; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.) ; to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as ; to decide on; to choose ; to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.) ; to be (in a state, condition, etc.) ; to be worth; to cost ; to pass (of time); to elapse
thing; matter ; incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis ; circumstances; situation; state of affairs ; work; business; affair ; after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to ; nominalizing suffix ; pretending to ...; playing make-believe ... ; alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or ; necessity; need ; you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
you said; he said; she said; they said ; even if ; do you seriously think that ; I already told you; you should know by now that; of course ; the said ...; said ... ; says that ... ; I hear that ... ; as for the term ... ; as for ...
to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to see; to get; to follow ; to become clear; to be known; to be discovered; to be realized; to be realised; to be found out ; I know!; I think so too!
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to go to war (with); to fight (with); to do battle (against) ; to compete (against) ; to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight; to contend; to resist
to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain ; to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be) ; to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of ; to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished ; to change (into); to turn (into); to transform ; to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do) ; to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make ; to play (the part of); to act as ; to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as ; to be promoted
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since ; from (originator); by ; because; since ; out of (constituent, part) ; through (e.g. window, vestibule) ; after; since ; expresses sympathy or warning
teacher; instructor; master ; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc. ; intimate or teasing form of address ; one's elder
terrible; dreadful ; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); wonderful; terrific ; to a great extent; vast (in numbers) ; awfully; very; immensely
to clasp; to grasp; to grip; to clutch ; to hold (the answer); to have (e.g. the solution); to be the key; to be the reason ; to seize (power); to hold (the reins); to dominate; to control ; to make (nigirizushi, rice ball, etc.); to form (with one's hands); to press into shape; to mold; to mould
to enter; to go in; to get in; to come in ; to set (of the sun or moon); to sink; to go down ; to attain (nirvana, enlightenment, etc.); to achieve; to reach (e.g. a climax) ; to do fully; to do intently; to do sincerely; to do deeply; to feel keenly ; to (reach a state) completely
whole; entirety ; to begin with; in the first place ; ... the heck (e.g. "what the heck?"); ... in the world (e.g. "why in the world?"); ... on earth (e.g. "who on earth?")
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me ; may I come in? ; permission; leave; license ; dismissal; discharge ; not wanting; objecting to; being fed up with; wishing to avoid
to stop (moving); to come to a stop ; to stop (doing, working, being supplied); to come to a halt; to cease; to be stopped; to be suspended ; to alight; to perch on
to see; to look; to watch; to view; to observe ; to examine; to look over; to assess; to check; to judge ; to look after; to attend to; to take care of; to keep an eye on ; to experience; to meet with (misfortune, success, etc.) ; to try ...; to have a go at ...; to give ... a try ; to see (that) ...; to find (that) ...
system ; lineage; ancestry; family line ; group (e.g. of colors) (colours); family (e.g. of languages); party; school (of thought) ; close (evolutionary) relationship ; a population sharing a common ancestor (in genetics); strain (e.g. bacterial)
thing; object; article; stuff; substance ; one's things; possessions; property; belongings ; things; something; anything; everything; nothing ; quality ; reason; the way of things ; used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen ; item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ... ; cause of ...; cause for ... ; somehow; somewhat; for some reason ; really; truly