Jiten beta

indicates possessive ; nominalizes verbs and adjectives ; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases ; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion ; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis ; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

時(じ)代(だい)

x2 | Rank #955

period; epoch; era; age ; the times; those days ; oldness; ancientness; antiquity ; antique; period piece

は

x61 | Rank #2

indicates sentence topic ; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated) ; adds emphasis

いささか

x3 | Rank #6,864

a little; a bit; somewhat; slightly; rather

衰(おとろ)え

x1 | Rank #35,176

weakening; emaciation; decline

を

x52 | Rank #3

indicates direct object of action ; indicates subject of causative expression ; indicates an area traversed ; indicates time (period) over which action takes place ; indicates point of departure or separation of action ; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

見(み)せる

x2 | Rank #379

to show; to display ; to make (something or someone) look ...; to present an appearance of ... ; to make (something) worth watching; to be entertaining ; to have (something) looked at (by a specialist); to have (an antique, etc.) appraised ; to have (an injury, person, etc.) looked at (by a doctor); to take (someone) to a doctor ; to make a show of (doing); to do in a conspicuous manner; to do in view of others ; to resolve to do; to do at any cost; to show others that one will ...

こと

x14 | Rank #13

thing; matter ; incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis ; circumstances; situation; state of affairs ; work; business; affair ; after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to ; nominalizing suffix ; pretending to ...; playing make-believe ... ; alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or ; necessity; need ; you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...

も

x24 | Rank #7

too; also; in addition; as well; (not) either (in a negative sentence) ; both A and B; A as well as B; neither A nor B (in a negative sentence) ; even; as much as; as many as; as far as; as long as; no less than; no fewer than ; even if; even though; although; in spite of ; further; more; again; another; the other

ない

x4 | Rank #1,614

dead

続(つづ)く

x1 | Rank #744

to continue; to last; to go on ; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken ; to occur again and again ; to lead to; to connect to; to adjoin ; to come after; to follow; to succeed; to rank next to ; to hold out; to keep; to last

そして

x2 | Rank #117

and; and then; thus; and now; and finally

入(にゅう)道(どう)

x1 | Rank #28,639

entering the priesthood; priest; monk ; man with a shaven head ; bald-headed monster

この

x10 | Rank #27

this ; last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this ; you (as in "you liar")

国(くに)

x2 | Rank #470

country; state ; region ; national government; central government ; home (i.e. hometown, home country) ; province (of Japan) ; land; earth

貿(ぼう)易(えき)

x1 | Rank #13,620

(foreign) trade; (international) commerce; importing and exporting

立(りっ)国(こく)

x1 | Rank #80,494

founding of a nation

とする

x1 | Rank #692

to try to ...; to be about to do ... ; to decide to ... ; to take as; to treat as; to regard as ; to use for ; to suppose that (such) is the case; to assume ; to decide that; to think that ; to make into; to change into ; to feel (e.g. after sound symbolism or psychological experience word); to look; to feel like ; to intend; to have the intention

ために

x3 | Rank #168

for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; in favor of; in favour of; on behalf of ; because of; as a result of

港(みなと)

x1 | Rank #4,713

harbour; harbor; port

造(ぞう)営(えい)

x1 | Rank #72,835

building (a temple, palace, etc.); construction; erection

と

x33 | Rank #6

if; when ; and ; with ; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.) ; promoted pawn ; indicates a question

交(こう)易(えき)

x1 | Rank #15,784

trade; commerce

更(さら)に

x1 | Rank #1,304

furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more

貨(か)幣(へい)経(けい)済(ざい)

x1 | Rank #95,799

monetary economy

確(かく)立(りつ)

x1 | Rank #13,593

establishment; settlement

に

x77 | Rank #5

at (place, time); in; on; during ; to (direction, state); toward; into ; for (purpose) ; because of (reason); for; with ; by; from ; as (i.e. in the role of) ; per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month") ; and; in addition to ; if; although

懸(けん)命(めい)

x1 | Rank #5,868

eager; earnest; strenuous; fervent; assiduous; with utmost effort

努(ど)力(りょく)

x1 | Rank #1,690

effort; exertion; endeavour; endeavor; hard work; striving

払(はら)う

x1 | Rank #1,294

to pay (e.g. money, bill) ; to brush off; to wipe away; to clear away; to dust off; to cut off (e.g. branches) ; to drive away (e.g. one's competitors) ; to sell off (something unneeded); to dispose of ; to pay (e.g. attention); to show (e.g. respect, concern) ; to make (e.g. effort, sacrifice); to expend; to exert ; to move out (of one's own place); to vacate ; to sweep (e.g. one's legs); to knock aside ; to make a sweeping stroke (in Japanese calligraphy) ; to reset (an abacus)

雅(が)楽(がく)

x1 | Rank #63,404

old Japanese court music; gagaku

見(み)事(ごと)

x2 | Rank #1,744

splendid; magnificent; excellent; fine; superb; beautiful; admirable ; utter (esp. defeat); total; complete ; something worth seeing; sight; spectacle

いつ

x1 | Rank #398

when; at what time; how soon ; normal times; ordinary days

見(み)る

x1 | Rank #87

to see; to look; to watch; to view; to observe ; to examine; to look over; to assess; to check; to judge ; to look after; to attend to; to take care of; to keep an eye on ; to experience; to meet with (misfortune, success, etc.) ; to try ...; to have a go at ...; to give ... a try ; to see (that) ...; to find (that) ...

そなた

x6 | Rank #1,965

that way; that direction ; there ; that (one) ; you; your family; your company ; that person

舞(まい)

x1 | Rank #2,798

dancing; dance

には

x10 | Rank #38

to; for; on; in; at ; in order to; for ; as for; regarding ; while it is (was) the case that ...; indeed ... (but); certainly ... (but)

魅(み)せられる

x1 | Rank #174,649

to be enchanted; to be charmed

のう

x1 | Rank #1,028

emphasis-adding particle

お酒(さけ)

x1 | Rank #2,209

alcohol; sake

ああ

x1 | Rank #53

ah!; oh!; alas! ; yes; indeed; that is correct ; aah; gah; argh ; hey!; yo! ; uh huh; yeah yeah; right; gotcha

朱(あけ)

x2 | Rank #9,416

red; vermilion; cinnabar; scarlet

鼻(はな)

x2 | Rank #2,076

nose

ただいま

x1 | Rank #911

I'm home!; I'm back!; it's me! ; now; at present; at the moment ; just now; a moment ago ; at once; right away; in a minute; shortly; soon

戻(もど)る

x2 | Rank #255

to turn back (e.g. half-way) ; to return; to go back ; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned ; to rebound; to spring back

おう

x1 | Rank #507

agreement; affirmative ; aye; yes; OK; okay; yeah; all right

か

x9 | Rank #9

indicates a question ; or; whether or not ; some- (e.g. something, someone) ; hmm; huh ; very ; -al; -ial; -ic; -ical; -ish; -y ; in that way

どう

x2 | Rank #68

how; in what way; how about

で

x31 | Rank #24

without doing ...

ある

x3 | Rank #36

to be; to exist; to live ; to have ; to be located ; to be equipped with ; to happen; to come about

宋(そう)

x1 | Rank #19,166

Song dynasty (of China; 960-1279); Sung dynasty ; Liu Song dynasty (of China; 420-479); Liu Sung dynasty ; Song (ancient Chinese state; 11th century-286 BCE); Sung

取(と)り引(ひ)き

x1 | Rank #5,883

transactions; dealings; business

全(すべ)て

x1 | Rank #325

everything; all; the whole ; entirely; completely; wholly; all

順(じゅん)調(ちょう)

x1 | Rank #3,081

favourable; favorable; doing well; OK; all right

ござる

x19 | Rank #456

to be

硫黄(いおう)

x2 | Rank #30,927

sulfur (S); sulphur

宋(そう)銭(せん)

x2 | Rank #113,200

Song dynasty copper coin

交(こう)換(かん)

x1 | Rank #2,994

exchange; interchange; switching; reciprocity; barter; substitution; replacement; clearing (of checks, cheques)

従(じゅう)来(らい)

x1 | Rank #17,601

up to now; so far ; traditional; conventional; usual; existing

どおり

x1 | Rank #2,368

in accordance with; following ; roughly; about ; Street; Avenue

続(つづ)ける

x1 | Rank #387

to continue; to keep up; to keep on

とのこと

x2 | Rank #4,551

I'm told; is what I heard; is how it is, apparently; is what they said

ハハハ

x1 | Rank #422

ha ha ha (laughter)

我(わ)が国(くに)

x2 | Rank #6,562

our country; our land; one's own country

では

x7 | Rank #70

then; well; so; well then ; bye then ; at; in; by; with; using ; if not ...; unless ...

無(む)限(げん)

x1 | Rank #3,960

infinity; infinitude; eternity ; infinite; limitless

採(と)れる

x1 | Rank #111,160

to be collected (of clams, etc.); to be gathered (of mushrooms, herbs, etc.); to be picked (of fruit, etc.); to be mined (of diamonds, etc.); to be extracted (e.g. oil from soybeans); to be obtained ; to be able to collect; to be able to extract; to be able to get; to be able to obtain

が

x46 | Rank #4

indicates the subject of a sentence ; indicates possession ; but; however; (and) yet; though; although; while ; and ; used after an introductory remark or explanation ; regardless of ...; whether ... (or not); no matter ... ; indicates a desire or hope ; softens a statement ; indicates doubt ; indicates scorn

金(かね)になる

x1 | Rank #19,627

profitable; lucrative

ありがたい

x1 | Rank #2,180

grateful; thankful; welcome; appreciated; evoking gratitude

よのう

x2 | Rank #20,442

advance payment

はい

x9 | Rank #50

yes; that is correct ; understood; I see; OK; okay ; present; here ; pardon?; what's that?; come again? ; now; here; here you go ; giddy-up; giddap

おかげで

x1 | Rank #880

thanks to ...; owing to ...; because of ...

都(みやこ)

x4 | Rank #2,372

capital (esp. Kyoto, Japan's former capital); seat of government ; capital (of music, fashion, etc.); city (e.g. of light) ; location of the Imperial Palace

近(きん)辺(ぺん)

x1 | Rank #14,349

neighbourhood; neighborhood; vicinity

流(りゅう)通(つう)

x2 | Rank #14,432

circulation (of money, goods, etc.); distribution ; circulation (of air, water, etc.); ventilation; flow

始(はじ)める

x1 | Rank #439

to start; to begin; to commence; to initiate; to originate ; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to establish ; to start ...; to begin to ...

根(ね)強(づよ)い

x1 | Rank #33,183

firmly rooted; deep-seated

残(のこ)る

x1 | Rank #557

to remain; to be left

物(ぶつ)々(ぶつ)交(こう)換(かん)

x1 | Rank #39,236

bartering

影(かげ)

x1 | Rank #1,105

shadow; silhouette; figure; shape ; reflection; image ; ominous sign ; light (stars, moon) ; trace; shadow (of one's former self) ; behind; background; other side

ひそめる

x1 | Rank #144,569

to hide; to conceal ; to lower volume (of a sound or one's voice) so as not to be heard ; to become quiet and inconspicuous

うむ

x3 | Rank #1,117

yes; yeah; uh huh ; hum; hmmm; well; erm; huh? ; oof

貨(か)幣(へい)

x2 | Rank #18,266

money; currency; coin

よる

x1 | Rank #26,486

to be due to; to be caused by ; to depend on; to turn on ; to be based on; to come from ; to be based at (a location, an organization); to be headquartered at

世(よ)の中(なか)

x1 | Rank #1,668

society; the world; the times

変(か)わる

x2 | Rank #391

to change; to be transformed; to be altered; to vary ; to move to ; to be different; to be uncommon; to be unusual

早(はや)い

x1 | Rank #185

fast; quick; rapid; swift; speedy; brisk; prompt ; early; soon; earlier than usual ; premature; too soon; too early ; easy; simple; quick; fast ; as soon as ...; the moment ...; the instant ...

なる

x15 | Rank #43

to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain ; to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be) ; to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of ; to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished ; to change (into); to turn (into); to transform ; to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do) ; to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make ; to play (the part of); to act as ; to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as ; to be promoted

いずれ

x1 | Rank #1,768

which; where; who ; all; both ; anyway; anyhow; at any rate; in any case ; sooner or later; one of these days; someday; before long; in due course; eventually

国(くに)中(じゅう)

x1 | Rank #19,191

all over the country; everywhere in the country; throughout the nation

する

x10 | Rank #19

to do; to carry out; to perform ; to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into) ; to serve as; to act as; to work as ; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.) ; to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as ; to decide on; to choose ; to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.) ; to be (in a state, condition, etc.) ; to be worth; to cost ; to pass (of time); to elapse

立(りっ)派(ぱ)

x3 | Rank #1,449

splendid; fine; handsome; elegant; imposing; prominent; impressive ; praiseworthy; creditable; worthy ; legal; legitimate; lawful ; undeniable (e.g. crime); indisputable; solid

鋳(ちゅう)造(ぞう)

x2 | Rank #42,731

casting; founding; minting

せねばならぬ

x2 | Rank #26,541

ought to do; have to do; must do; feel obliged to

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