indicates the subject of a sentence ; indicates possession ; but; however; (and) yet; though; although; while ; and ; used after an introductory remark or explanation ; regardless of ...; whether ... (or not); no matter ... ; indicates a desire or hope ; softens a statement ; indicates doubt ; indicates scorn
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing ; to be used up; to be run out; to be exhausted; to be consumed; to be reduced to zero; to not occur any more ; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
too; also; in addition; as well; (not) either (in a negative sentence) ; both A and B; A as well as B; neither A nor B (in a negative sentence) ; even; as much as; as many as; as far as; as long as; no less than; no fewer than ; even if; even though; although; in spite of ; further; more; again; another; the other
indicates direct object of action ; indicates subject of causative expression ; indicates an area traversed ; indicates time (period) over which action takes place ; indicates point of departure or separation of action ; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to put (into); to put away (in); to put back (in); to keep (in); to store (in); to restore (to its place) ; to include (in an anthology, catalogue, etc.); to contain; to publish (in); to capture (on film) ; to achieve (results, success, etc.); to obtain; to get; to gain; to win; to make (a profit) ; to pay (fees, taxes, etc.); to deliver; to supply ; to accept (a gift or money) ; to keep (within a limit) ; to offer (to a shrine, deity, etc.); to dedicate ; to subdue; to suppress; to settle ; to finish; to conclude; to wind up; to bring to a close
at (place, time); in; on; during ; to (direction, state); toward; into ; for (purpose) ; because of (reason); for; with ; by; from ; as (i.e. in the role of) ; per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month") ; and; in addition to ; if; although
to do; to carry out; to perform ; to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into) ; to serve as; to act as; to work as ; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.) ; to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as ; to decide on; to choose ; to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.) ; to be (in a state, condition, etc.) ; to be worth; to cost ; to pass (of time); to elapse
low-lying part of a city (usu. containing shops, factories, etc.) ; Shitamachi (low-lying area of eastern Tokyo near Tokyo Bay, incl. Asakusa, Shitaya, Kanda, Fukugawa, Honjo, Nihonbashi, Kyobashi and surrounds)
to raise; to raise up; to set up; to pick up ; to wake; to wake up; to waken; to awaken ; to cause; to bring about; to lead to; to trigger; to give rise to; to create; to generate (e.g. heat, electricity); to produce ; to start; to begin; to launch; to establish; to found; to set up; to open ; to plough; to plow; to till ; to fall ill with ; to transcribe; to write down (what is spoken) ; to turn over (a card)
it is ... that ...; precisely; in particular; definitely; for sure; only (when, after, because, etc.) ; although; while; it is the case that ... but ; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ... ; not at all; not in the slightest; absolutely not; never
fast; quick; rapid; swift; speedy; brisk; prompt ; early; soon; earlier than usual ; premature; too soon; too early ; easy; simple; quick; fast ; as soon as ...; the moment ...; the instant ...
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to carry ; to possess; to have; to own ; to maintain; to keep ; to last; to be durable; to keep; to survive ; to take charge of; to be in charge of ; to hold (meeting, etc.); to have (opportunity, etc.) ; to have "it"; to have that special something; to be blessed with good luck
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to arrive ; to come back; to do ... and come back ; to come to be; to become; to get; to grow; to continue ; to come from; to be caused by; to derive from ; to come to (e.g. "when it comes to spinach ...")
and the like; such as; among other things; and so on ; or something; something like; a (certain) ; I hear that ...; people say that...; rumour has it that ... ; or something; something like; or whatever
right?; isn't it?; doesn't it?; don't you?; don't you think? ; hey; say; listen; look; come on ; you know; you see; I must say; I should think ; will you?; please ; so, ...; well, ...; you see, ...; you understand? ; I'm not sure if ...; I have my doubts about whether ...
point; tip; end; nozzle ; head (of a line); front ; first; before; ahead (of) ; (the way) ahead; beyond ; future ; previous; prior; former; recent; last ; destination; address; place where you do something ; rest (e.g. of a story); continuation; remaining part ; the other party
you said; he said; she said; they said ; even if ; do you seriously think that ; I already told you; you should know by now that; of course ; the said ...; said ... ; says that ... ; I hear that ... ; as for the term ... ; as for ...
you said; he said; she said; they said ; even if ; do you seriously think that ; I already told you; you should know by now that; of course ; the said ...; said ... ; says that ... ; I hear that ... ; as for the term ... ; as for ...
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to traverse ; to lay across; to build across ; to hand over; to hand in; to pass; to give; to transfer