origin; source; beginning ; basis; base; foundation; root ; cause ; (raw) material; ingredient; base; mix (e.g. for a cake); (soup) stock ; (one's) side ; capital; principal; cost price ; root (of a plant); (tree) trunk ; part (of a brush, chopsticks, etc.) one holds (with the hand) ; first three lines of a waka ; counter for plants or trees
you said; he said; she said; they said ; even if ; do you seriously think that ; I already told you; you should know by now that; of course ; the said ...; said ... ; says that ... ; I hear that ... ; as for the term ... ; as for ...
indicates direct object of action ; indicates subject of causative expression ; indicates an area traversed ; indicates time (period) over which action takes place ; indicates point of departure or separation of action ; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get ; to catch (e.g. a ball) ; to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.) ; to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to suffer (an injury); to feel (influence) ; to undergo (e.g. surgery); to take (a test); to accept (a challenge) ; to be given (e.g. life, talent) ; to find funny; to find humorous; to be amused (by) ; to follow; to succeed; to be descended from ; to face (south, etc.) ; to be modified by
to go by; to go past; to go along; to travel along; to pass through; to use (a road); to take (a route); to go via; to go by way of ; to run (between; of a rail service, bus route, etc.); to operate (between); to connect ; to go indoors; to go into a room; to be admitted; to be shown in; to be ushered in; to come in ; to penetrate; to pierce; to skewer; to go through; to come through ; to permeate; to soak into; to spread throughout ; to carry (e.g. of a voice); to reach far ; to be passed on (e.g. of a customer's order to the kitchen); to be relayed; to be conveyed ; to pass (a test, a bill in the House, etc.); to be approved; to be accepted ; to go by (a name); to be known as; to be accepted as; to have a reputation for ; to be coherent; to be logical; to be reasonable; to be comprehensible; to be understandable; to make sense
indicates the subject of a sentence ; indicates possession ; but; however; (and) yet; though; although; while ; and ; used after an introductory remark or explanation ; regardless of ...; whether ... (or not); no matter ... ; indicates a desire or hope ; softens a statement ; indicates doubt ; indicates scorn
hindrance; obstacle; nuisance; disturbance; interruption; interference ; to visit (someone's home) ; demon who hinders Buddhist training; demon who obstructs sentient beings from maintaining moral behaviour
to do; to carry out; to perform ; to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into) ; to serve as; to act as; to work as ; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.) ; to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as ; to decide on; to choose ; to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.) ; to be (in a state, condition, etc.) ; to be worth; to cost ; to pass (of time); to elapse
liking; being fond of; to one's liking; to one's taste; preferred; favourite ; liking (romantically); being in love with; beloved ; faddism; eccentricity ; as one likes; as it suits one ; lecherous; lustful; salacious
to save; to rescue; to spare ; to help; to assist ; to support (financially); to contribute (to); to provide aid ; to facilitate; to stimulate; to promote; to contribute to
to see; to look; to watch; to view; to observe ; to examine; to look over; to assess; to check; to judge ; to look after; to attend to; to take care of; to keep an eye on ; to experience; to meet with (misfortune, success, etc.) ; to try ...; to have a go at ...; to give ... a try ; to see (that) ...; to find (that) ...
to think; to consider; to believe; to reckon ; to think (of doing); to plan (to do) ; to judge; to assess; to regard ; to imagine; to suppose; to dream ; to expect; to look forward to ; to feel; to be (in a state of mind); to desire; to want ; to care (deeply) for; to yearn for; to worry about; to love ; to recall; to remember
child; kid; teenager; youngster; young (non-adult) person ; (one's) child; offspring ; young woman ; young (animal) ; offshoot ; interest ; new share ; player who is not a dealer ; young geisha; young prostitute ; bird egg
to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to run (ink) ; to be washed away; to be carried ; to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to wander; to stray ; to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire); to spread; to circulate ; to be heard (e.g. music); to be played ; to lapse (e.g. into indolence, despair) ; to pass; to elapse; to be transmitted ; to be called off; to be forfeited ; to disappear; to be removed
to cry; to shed tears; to weep; to sob ; to suffer (from); to be troubled (by); to face hardship ; to accept (an unreasonable request, loss, etc.); to do reluctantly; to make sacrifices ; to be not worth worth the name; to suffer (of a reputation); to be spoiled; to be put to shame ; to lament; to bemoan; to bewail
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; (who) on earth ; one object; one body; unity ; one form; one style ; one Buddhist image (or carving, etc.) ; generally; in general
expert; learned person ; doctor; PhD; Dr. ; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryō period) ; pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
thing; matter ; incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis ; circumstances; situation; state of affairs ; work; business; affair ; after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to ; nominalizing suffix ; pretending to ...; playing make-believe ... ; alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or ; necessity; need ; you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
to be hit; to strike ; to touch; to be in contact; to be affixed ; to be equivalent to; to be applicable; to apply to ; to be right on the money (of a prediction, criticism, etc.) ; to be selected (in a lottery, etc.); to win ; to be successful; to go well; to be a hit ; to face; to confront ; to lie (in the direction of) ; to undertake; to be assigned ; to be stricken (by food poisoning, heat, etc.); to be afflicted
such things as ...; and ... and ; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; as soon as ; be; is ; o; oh ; huh; what ; hi ; yes; what? ; yes?; no?; is it?; isn't it?
to kill; to slay; to murder; to slaughter ; to suppress; to block; to hamper; to destroy (e.g. talent); to eliminate (e.g. an odour); to spoil (e.g. a flavour); to kill (e.g. one's speed) ; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back; to stifle (a yawn, laugh, etc.); to hold (one's breath) ; to put out (a runner) ; to pawn; to put in hock
refreshingly; with a feeling of relief; pleasantly; (a weight) off one's shoulder ; shapely; neatly; refinedly ; cleanly; without trouble ; clearly; plainly; distinctly ; completely; thoroughly ; not at all (with negative sentence); not even slightly
to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to put to use ; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to handle; to manage; to manipulate ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend; to consume ; to use (language); to speak
thing; object; article; stuff; substance ; one's things; possessions; property; belongings ; things; something; anything; everything; nothing ; quality ; reason; the way of things ; used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen ; item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ... ; cause of ...; cause for ... ; somehow; somewhat; for some reason ; really; truly
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since ; from (originator); by ; because; since ; out of (constituent, part) ; through (e.g. window, vestibule) ; after; since ; expresses sympathy or warning