Jiten beta

indicates possessive ; nominalizes verbs and adjectives ; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases ; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion ; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis ; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

黒(くろ)船(ふね)

x1 | Rank #17,676

black ships; Western ships that came to Japan between the 16th and 19th centuries, esp. those of the Perry Expedition in 1853 ; foreign disruptor (of the Japanese market); product, person, etc. arriving from the West and disturbing the Japanese market

と

x64 | Rank #6

if; when ; and ; with ; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.) ; promoted pawn ; indicates a question

形(けい)容(よう)

x1 | Rank #22,343

description; expression (in words); qualification (e.g. of a noun with an adjective); modification; figurative expression; figure of speech; metaphor ; form; figure; appearance

貿(ぼう)易(えき)自(じ)由(ゆう)化(か)

x7 | Rank #72,473

trade liberalization; trade liberalisation

波(なみ)

x1 | Rank #2,680

wave ; ups and downs

が

x127 | Rank #4

indicates the subject of a sentence ; indicates possession ; but; however; (and) yet; though; although; while ; and ; used after an introductory remark or explanation ; regardless of ...; whether ... (or not); no matter ... ; indicates a desire or hope ; softens a statement ; indicates doubt ; indicates scorn

押(お)し寄(よ)せる

x1 | Rank #7,406

to advance on; to close in; to march on; to descend on (the enemy); to move towards; to surge forward (crowd, wave of nostalgia, wave, etc.); to rush for (the door); to inundate; to overwhelm; to push aside

法(ほう)律(りつ)

x3 | Rank #3,312

law

だ

x57 | Rank #8

be; is

俺(おれ)達(たち)

x2 | Rank #1,006

we; us

で

x59 | Rank #11

at; in ; at; when ; by; with ; within; in ; and then; so ; and; then ; let me tell you; don't you know

新(あたら)しい

x1 | Rank #546

new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date; modern

を

x127 | Rank #3

indicates direct object of action ; indicates subject of causative expression ; indicates an area traversed ; indicates time (period) over which action takes place ; indicates point of departure or separation of action ; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

つくる

x5 | Rank #1,253

to make; to produce; to manufacture; to build; to construct ; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol) ; to raise; to grow; to cultivate; to train ; to till ; to draw up (a document); to make out; to prepare; to write ; to create (an artistic work, etc.); to compose ; to coin (a phrase); to organize; to organise; to establish; to found ; to have (a child) ; to make up (one's face, etc.) ; to fabricate (an excuse, etc.)

自(じ)由(ゆう)化(か)

x4 | Rank #56,656

liberalization; liberalisation; freeing

から

x15 | Rank #12

from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since ; from (originator); by ; because; since ; out of (constituent, part) ; through (e.g. window, vestibule) ; after; since ; expresses sympathy or warning

日本(にほん)

x10 | Rank #526

Japan

産(さん)業(ぎょう)

x5 | Rank #13,135

industry ; livelihood; occupation

守(まも)る

x2 | Rank #365

to protect; to guard; to defend ; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe; to obey; to follow

きわめて

x2 | Rank #17,474

exceedingly; extremely; decisively

重(じゅう)要(よう)

x1 | Rank #1,647

important; essential; significant; major; key; principal

法(ほう)案(あん)

x39 | Rank #18,312

bill (law); measure

です

x44 | Rank #18

be; is

いただける

x2 | Rank #54,093

to be able to receive; to be able to take; to be able to accept ; to be able to eat; to be able to drink ; to be acceptable; to be satisfactory

信(しん)じる

x2 | Rank #378

to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in

必(かなら)ずや

x1 | Rank #7,618

certainly; surely; definitely

防(ぼう)波(は)堤(てい)

x1 | Rank #34,212

breakwater; mole

となる

x2 | Rank #926

to become; to be

でしょう

x8 | Rank #151

it seems; I think; I guess; I wonder ; right?; don't you agree?

は

x165 | Rank #2

indicates sentence topic ; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated) ; adds emphasis

戦(せん)後(ご)

x2 | Rank #11,116

postwar period; period after Second World War

最(さい)大(だい)

x4 | Rank #1,929

biggest; greatest; largest; maximum

試(し)練(れん)

x1 | Rank #4,058

test; trial; ordeal; tribulation

あり

x2 | Rank #6,719

existing (at the present moment) ; alright; acceptable; passable ; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have

外(がい)国(こく)企(き)業(ぎょう)

x1 | Rank #95,799

foreign business; foreign enterprise; foreign corporation

国(こく)内(ない)産(さん)業(ぎょう)

x18 | Rank #72,473

domestic industry

守(も)り

x1 | Rank #5,291

babysitting; babysitter ; protecting; keeping; keeper

国(こく)際(さい)競(きょう)争(そう)力(りょく)

x1 | Rank #103,038

international competitiveness; global competitiveness

高(たか)める

x1 | Rank #5,577

to raise; to lift; to boost; to enhance

ため

x4 | Rank #190

good; advantage; benefit; welfare ; sake; purpose; objective; aim ; consequence; result; effect ; affecting; regarding; concerning

保(ほ)護(ご)法(ほう)

x17 | Rank #47,528

protection law; shield law; law for the protection of something

案(あん)

x14 | Rank #41,070

idea; plan; proposal; suggestion; (government) bill ; draft; rough copy ; expectation ; desk; stand

立(りつ)案(あん)

x1 | Rank #23,467

planning; devising (a plan) ; drafting; drawing up

悪(わる)い

x2 | Rank #207

bad; poor; undesirable ; poor (quality); inferior; insufficient ; evil; sinful ; ugly; not beautiful ; at fault; to blame; in the wrong ; bad (at doing something) ; unprofitable; unbeneficial ; sorry; (my) bad; unforgivable

僕(ぼく)

x12 | Rank #74

I; me ; you ; manservant

敵(かたき)

x1 | Rank #25,367

rival; opponent; adversary; competitor; enemy (esp. one with which there is longstanding enmity); foe ; revenge ; spouse

に

x131 | Rank #5

at (place, time); in; on; during ; to (direction, state); toward; into ; for (purpose) ; because of (reason); for; with ; by; from ; as (i.e. in the role of) ; per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month") ; and; in addition to ; if; although

ぞ

x7 | Rank #58

adds force or indicates command

日本(にほん)政(せい)府(ふ)

x1 | Rank #22,772

Japanese government

約(やく)束(そく)

x2 | Rank #597

promise; agreement; arrangement; one's word; contract; pact ; appointment; engagement; date ; convention; rule ; destiny; fate

パーセント

x2 | Rank #4,556

percent; per cent; percentage

期(き)限(げん)

x1 | Rank #8,895

term; period; time frame ; time limit; deadline; cutoff (date)

わずか

x1 | Rank #2,756

a little; a few; small; slight; trifling; meagre; meager; narrow (margin) ; only; just; merely; no more than

１(いち)年(ねん)

x3 | Rank #1,506

one year; some time ago

半(はん)

x1 | Rank #2,730

half; semi-; partial ; half-past ; odd number ; han (unit of land area, approx. 595.8 m^2)

も

x82 | Rank #7

too; also; in addition; as well; (not) either (in a negative sentence) ; both A and B; A as well as B; neither A nor B (in a negative sentence) ; even; as much as; as many as; as far as; as long as; no less than; no fewer than ; even if; even though; although; in spite of ; further; more; again; another; the other

ない

x13 | Rank #1,614

dead

この

x15 | Rank #27

this ; last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this ; you (as in "you liar")

やっかい

x1 | Rank #5,910

trouble; burden; nuisance; bother; worry ; care; dependence; support; kindness; obligation; staying (with a person)

ことになる

x1 | Rank #888

to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that ; to be the result (of); to be the outcome ; to be the reason (for)

な

x27 | Rank #17

don't ; do ; hey; listen; look; say ; now, ...; well, ...; I tell you!; you know ; wow; ooh ; right?; isn't it?; doesn't it?; don't you?; don't you think?

これ

x8 | Rank #33

this; this one ; this person ; now; this point (in time) ; here ; used to stress the subject of a sentence ; I; me

あくまでも

x1 | Rank #4,899

to the last; persistency; thoroughness

成(せい)立(りつ)

x12 | Rank #4,519

formation; establishment; materialization; coming into existence ; conclusion (e.g. of a deal); reaching (e.g. an agreement); approval; completion; closing; enacting; arrangement ; being valid (of a theory, argument, etc.); holding; applying

さえ

x1 | Rank #683

even ; (if) only; just; as long as ; besides; on top of that; what's more

する

x19 | Rank #19

to do; to carry out; to perform ; to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into) ; to serve as; to act as; to work as ; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.) ; to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as ; to decide on; to choose ; to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.) ; to be (in a state, condition, etc.) ; to be worth; to cost ; to pass (of time); to elapse

なければ

x1 | Rank #548

if (it) doesn't exist; if there is no ...; if (one) doesn't have ... ; if not ...; unless ... ; have to ...; must ...

ただ

x3 | Rank #167

ordinary; common; usual ; free of charge ; unaffected; as is; safe ; only; merely; just; simply ; but; however; nevertheless

作(さく)文(ぶん)

x1 | Rank #14,694

writing (an essay, prose, etc.); composition ; formal writing with little real meaning

すぎる

x4 | Rank #373

to pass through; to pass by; to go beyond ; to pass (of time); to elapse ; to have expired; to have ended; to be over ; to exceed; to surpass; to be above ; to be no more than ... ; to be excessive; to be too much; to be too ...

通(つう)産(さん)省(しょう)

x8 | Rank #44,062

(former) Ministry of International Trade and Industry (now Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry); MITI

をめぐって

x1 | Rank #31,712

concerning ...; over ...; about ...; centering on ...

人(じん)事(じ)

x9 | Rank #10,141

personnel affairs; human affairs; human resources; HR

や

x11 | Rank #72

such things as ...; and ... and ; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; as soon as ; be; is ; o; oh ; huh; what ; hi ; yes; what? ; yes?; no?; is it?; isn't it?

政(せい)財(ざい)界(かい)

x1 | Rank #33,752

political and business circles; political and business establishment; politics and industry

巻(ま)き込(こ)む

x1 | Rank #1,673

to roll up; to enfold; to swallow up ; to involve; to drag into

戦(たたか)い

x1 | Rank #621

battle; war; fight; conflict ; fight (against time, poverty, etc.); struggle (for freedom, survival, etc.); war (e.g. on drugs); battle (e.g. against nature) ; contest; competition; match; game

すで

x1 | Rank #1,462

genuinely; sincerely; seriously; really; for real

始(はじ)まる

x4 | Rank #679

to begin; to start; to commence ; to happen (again); to begin (anew) ; to date (from); to originate (in)

中(ちゅう)心(しん)

x2 | Rank #1,950

center; centre; middle; heart; core; focus; pivot; emphasis; balance ; -centered; -centred; -focused; -oriented; centered on; focused on

なる

x9 | Rank #43

to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain ; to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be) ; to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of ; to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished ; to change (into); to turn (into); to transform ; to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do) ; to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make ; to play (the part of); to act as ; to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as ; to be promoted

推(お)し進(すす)める

x1 | Rank #28,859

to press forward; to forge ahead; to push on

行(ぎょう)政(せい)

x6 | Rank #18,528

executive; government ; administration; governance; the authorities; authority

全(ぜん)体(たい)

x2 | Rank #2,207

whole; entirety ; to begin with; in the first place ; ... the heck (e.g. "what the heck?"); ... in the world (e.g. "why in the world?"); ... on earth (e.g. "who on earth?")

統(とう)括(かつ)

x1 | Rank #14,100

unification; bringing together; generalization ; control; supervision

ある

x7 | Rank #36

to be; to exist; to live ; to have ; to be located ; to be equipped with ; to happen; to come about

その

x9 | Rank #28

that; the ; part (as in "part two") ; um ...; er ...; uh ...

日(ひ)

x4 | Rank #251

day; days ; sun; sunshine; sunlight ; (the) day; daytime; daylight ; date; deadline ; (past) days; time (e.g. of one's childhood) ; case (esp. unfortunate); event

課(か)長(ちょう)

x2 | Rank #2,112

section manager; section chief

集(あつ)める

x4 | Rank #1,163

to collect; to assemble; to gather

課(か)題(だい)

x1 | Rank #3,824

subject; theme; issue; matter ; homework; assignment ; task; challenge; problem; question

自(じ)動(どう)車(しゃ)業(ぎょう)界(かい)

x2 | Rank #95,799

automotive industry; motor vehicle industry

再(さい)編(へん)

x5 | Rank #26,541

reorganization; reorganisation; reshuffle

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