Jiten beta

indicates possessive ; nominalizes verbs and adjectives ; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases ; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion ; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis ; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

石(せっ)器(き)

x5 | Rank #79,827

stone implement (e.g. stone age arrowheads); stone tool

は

x31 | Rank #2

indicates sentence topic ; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated) ; adds emphasis

帝(てい)都(と)

x3 | Rank #4,367

imperial capital

山(さん)

x3 | Rank #5,848

Mt.; Mount ; temple

大(だい)学(がく)

x3 | Rank #1,194

university; college ; former imperial university of Japan (established under the ritsuryō system for the training of government administrators) ; the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)

人(じん)類(るい)学(がく)

x2 | Rank #88,534

anthropology

研(けん)究(きゅう)所(じょ)

x2 | Rank #3,886

research institute; (research) laboratory

に

x28 | Rank #5

at (place, time); in; on; during ; to (direction, state); toward; into ; for (purpose) ; because of (reason); for; with ; by; from ; as (i.e. in the role of) ; per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month") ; and; in addition to ; if; although

送(おく)る

x1 | Rank #646

to send; to dispatch; to forward; to transmit; to ship; to remit ; to see (someone) off; to escort; to accompany; to take ; to bid farewell to (the departed); to say goodbye to; to bury ; to spend (time); to pass; to lead (a life); to live ; to pass (on, along); to advance (a runner) ; to affix (okurigana)

分(ぶん)析(せき)

x1 | Rank #4,797

analysis

こと

x2 | Rank #13

thing; matter ; incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis ; circumstances; situation; state of affairs ; work; business; affair ; after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to ; nominalizing suffix ; pretending to ...; playing make-believe ... ; alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or ; necessity; need ; you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...

なる

x2 | Rank #44

to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain ; to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be) ; to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of ; to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished ; to change (into); to turn (into); to transform ; to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do) ; to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make ; to play (the part of); to act as ; to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as ; to be promoted

およそ

x1 | Rank #4,672

about; roughly; approximately ; generally; on the whole; as a rule ; completely; quite; entirely; altogether; totally; not at all (with neg. verb) ; outline; gist

年(とし)

x2 | Rank #143

year ; age; years ; past one's prime; old age

前(さき)

x3 | Rank #129

point; tip; end; nozzle ; head (of a line); front ; first; before; ahead (of) ; (the way) ahead; beyond ; future ; previous; prior; former; recent; last ; destination; address; place where you do something ; rest (e.g. of a story); continuation; remaining part ; the other party

氷(ひょう)河(が)期(き)

x2 | Rank #47,191

glacial period; glacial epoch; glacial era; ice age ; tough period; drought (of opportunities, jobs, etc.)

時(じ)代(だい)

x1 | Rank #982

period; epoch; era; age ; the times; those days ; oldness; ancientness; antiquity ; antique; period piece

もの

x2 | Rank #78

thing; object; article; stuff; substance ; one's things; possessions; property; belongings ; things; something; anything; everything; nothing ; quality ; reason; the way of things ; used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen ; item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ... ; cause of ...; cause for ... ; somehow; somewhat; for some reason ; really; truly

と

x6 | Rank #6

if; when ; and ; with ; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.) ; promoted pawn ; indicates a question

見(み)る

x1 | Rank #88

to see; to look; to watch; to view; to observe ; to examine; to look over; to assess; to check; to judge ; to look after; to attend to; to take care of; to keep an eye on ; to experience; to meet with (misfortune, success, etc.) ; to try ...; to have a go at ...; to give ... a try ; to see (that) ...; to find (that) ...

文(ぶん)明(めい)

x1 | Rank #6,775

civilization; civilisation; culture ; Bunmei era (1469.4.28-1487.7.20)

発(はっ)生(せい)

x2 | Rank #2,260

occurrence; incidence; outbreak; birth (e.g. of civilization) ; generation (of power, heat, etc.); production ; ontogeny; development; growth; breeding

歴(れき)史(し)

x1 | Rank #1,739

history

を

x28 | Rank #3

indicates direct object of action ; indicates subject of causative expression ; indicates an area traversed ; indicates time (period) over which action takes place ; indicates point of departure or separation of action ; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

塗(ぬ)り替(か)える

x1 | Rank #22,341

to repaint; to paint again; to paint (a different colour) ; to change completely; to break (a record); to redraw (e.g. the map); to remake

大(だい)発(はっ)見(けん)

x2 | Rank #32,096

breakthrough; great discovery

では

x1 | Rank #70

then; well; so; well then ; bye then ; at; in; by; with; using ; if not ...; unless ...

期(き)待(たい)

x1 | Rank #1,085

expectation; anticipation; hope ; promising; rising; up-and-coming

て

x4 | Rank #21

you said; he said; she said; they said ; even if ; do you seriously think that ; I already told you; you should know by now that; of course ; the said ...; said ... ; says that ... ; I hear that ... ; as for the term ... ; as for ...

いる

x4 | Rank #55

to be (of animate objects); to exist ; to stay ; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing

はるき

x26 | Rank #22,327

Haruki

ねえ

x2 | Rank #96

right?; isn't it?; doesn't it?; don't you?; don't you think? ; hey; say; listen; look; come on ; you know; you see; I must say; I should think ; will you?; please ; so, ...; well, ...; you see, ...; you understand? ; I'm not sure if ...; I have my doubts about whether ...

俺(おれ)

x12 | Rank #24

I; me

には

x1 | Rank #37

to; for; on; in; at ; in order to; for ; as for; regarding ; while it is (was) the case that ...; indeed ... (but); certainly ... (but)

単(たん)なる

x1 | Rank #3,228

mere; simple; sheer

石(いし)

x1 | Rank #1,059

stone ; jewel; precious stone ; flint (in a lighter) ; stone ; stone (in the bladder, kidney etc.); calculus

杭(くい)

x1 | Rank #11,713

stake; post; pile; picket ; stump

しか

x1 | Rank #220

nothing but; except; no more than

見(み)える

x1 | Rank #283

to be seen; to be visible; to be in sight ; to look; to seem; to appear ; to come

けど

x2 | Rank #34

but; however; although

ゆか

x7 | Rank #5,907

floor ; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player) ; dining platform built across a river

へ

x3 | Rank #81

to; towards; for

へえ

x1 | Rank #767

oh, yes?; really?

メソポタミア文(ぶん)明(めい)

x1 | Rank #114,399

Mesopotamian civilization

だって

x1 | Rank #114

after all; because ; but ; even ; too; as well; also ; they say; I hear; you mean

千(せん)年(ねん)

x1 | Rank #11,004

millennium; one thousand years; long time

だ

x16 | Rank #8

be; is

よ

x8 | Rank #11

hey; you ; hey ; hey; hold on ; yo; hey

だから

x4 | Rank #57

so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why; for that reason ; like I said; I told you already

こんな

x1 | Rank #102

this sort of; this kind of; like this; such

加(か)工(こう)技(ぎ)術(じゅつ)

x1 | Rank #101,021

processing technology; processing technique

ある

x2 | Rank #36

to be; to exist; to live ; to have ; to be located ; to be equipped with ; to happen; to come about

える

x1 | Rank #1,425

to get; to earn; to acquire; to procure; to gain; to secure; to attain; to obtain; to win ; to understand; to comprehend ; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill) ; to be able to ..., can ...

わけ

x1 | Rank #127

reason; grounds; pretext; excuse; motive

ようこ

x18 | Rank #15,702

fox with supernatural powers; fox spirit

ああ

x5 | Rank #53

ah!; oh!; alas! ; yes; indeed; that is correct ; aah; gah; argh ; hey!; yo! ; uh huh; yeah yeah; right; gotcha

寒(さむ)い

x2 | Rank #1,790

cold (e.g. weather) ; uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull; weak; corny

一(いっ)体(たい)

x1 | Rank #436

(what) the heck; (why) in the world; (who) on earth ; one object; one body; unity ; one form; one style ; one Buddhist image (or carving, etc.) ; generally; in general

なん

x1 | Rank #1,084

difficulty; trouble; hardship; shortage ; accident; disaster; danger ; fault; defect; flaw ; criticism; charge; blame

なの

x3 | Rank #97

that's the way it is; yes ; is that so?; is it?

この

x4 | Rank #27

this ; last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this ; you (as in "you liar")

寒(さむ)さ

x1 | Rank #7,020

coldness

ねえねえ

x2 | Rank #3,053

hey; listen

ん

x6 | Rank #23

yes; yeah; uh huh ; huh?; what? ; not ; 's; of; belonging to ; at (place, time); in; on; during

アッサム

x2 | Rank #77,375

Assam (India) ; Assam tea

ティー

x2 | Rank #12,328

tea

飲(の)む

x1 | Rank #448

to drink; to swallow; to take (medicine) ; to smoke (tobacco) ; to swallow up; to engulf ; to suppress (one's anger, bitter feelings, etc.); to keep down; to hold back; to swallow (one's tears); to catch (one's breath) ; to accept (a demand, conditions, etc.); to agree to ; to make light of (someone); to think nothing of; to overwhelm; to overawe ; to carry (a concealed dagger, etc.); to conceal (up one's sleeve, etc.)

あっつい

x1 | Rank #24,731

hot (to the touch) ; passionate (feelings, etc.); ardent; hot (e.g. gaze) ; hot (e.g. temper) ; zealous; enthusiastic; fired up ; intense; severe; extreme ; hot (topic); of interest

隊(たい)長(ちょう)

x1 | Rank #1,715

commanding officer

ダジャレ

x1 | Rank #22,066

feeble joke; poor joke; corny joke; bad pun

が

x16 | Rank #4

indicates the subject of a sentence ; indicates possession ; but; however; (and) yet; though; although; while ; and ; used after an introductory remark or explanation ; regardless of ...; whether ... (or not); no matter ... ; indicates a desire or hope ; softens a statement ; indicates doubt ; indicates scorn

すぎる

x1 | Rank #380

to pass through; to pass by; to go beyond ; to pass (of time); to elapse ; to have expired; to have ended; to be over ; to exceed; to surpass; to be above ; to be no more than ... ; to be excessive; to be too much; to be too ...

えっ

x4 | Rank #75

huh?; what's up?

風(かぜ)の音(おと)

x1 | Rank #13,232

sound of the wind; voice of the wind

雪(ゆき)

x1 | Rank #1,268

snow; snowfall

警(けい)報(ほう)音(おん)

x1 | Rank #16,644

warning sound

Ａ(エー)Ｉ(アイ)

x7 | Rank #5,173

artificial intelligence; AI

音(おん)声(せい)

x7 | Rank #5,624

voice; speech; sound of a voice ; sound (e.g. of a TV)

積(せき)乱(らん)雲(うん)

x1 | Rank #56,533

cumulonimbus cloud

中(ちゅう)心(しん)

x1 | Rank #1,960

center; centre; middle; heart; core; focus; pivot; emphasis; balance ; -centered; -centred; -focused; -oriented; centered on; focused on

気(き)温(おん)

x1 | Rank #9,547

(air) temperature

マイナス

x3 | Rank #6,570

minus; subtraction; taking away ; negative (number) ; deficit; loss ; disadvantage; drawback; handicap ; negative charge; cathode; negative terminal; negative pole ; minus sign; negative sign ; negative (image, effect, thinking, etc.); bad ; negative (test result)

度(たび)

x3 | Rank #658

time (three times, each time, etc.); times

あっ

x1 | Rank #40

ah; oh ; hey!

雲(くも)

x1 | Rank #2,692

cloud

中(うち)

x1 | Rank #119

inside; within ; while (e.g. one is young); during; within (e.g. a day); in the course of ; among; amongst; (out) of; between ; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.); amidst; with (e.g. success) ; within oneself; one's feelings; inner thoughts ; we; our company; our organization ; one's home; one's family ; my spouse; my husband; my wife ; signed on behalf of (husband's name) by his wife ; I; me

何(なに)か

x2 | Rank #103

something; some; any ; somehow; for some reason ; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?

人(ひと)々(びと)

x3 | Rank #1,187

people; men and women ; each person; everybody

悲(ひ)鳴(めい)

x2 | Rank #1,738

shriek; scream

怪(かい)獣(じゅう)

x7 | Rank #4,235

monster

現(げん)在(ざい)

x4 | Rank #1,098

the present; present time; now ; as of ; present tense ; this world; this life ; to actually exist; to exist right now; to exist right in front of one

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