indicates the subject of a sentence ; indicates possession ; but; however; (and) yet; though; although; while ; and ; used after an introductory remark or explanation ; regardless of ...; whether ... (or not); no matter ... ; indicates a desire or hope ; softens a statement ; indicates doubt ; indicates scorn
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since ; from (originator); by ; because; since ; out of (constituent, part) ; through (e.g. window, vestibule) ; after; since ; expresses sympathy or warning
behind; rear ; after; later ; remainder; the rest ; more (e.g. five more minutes); left ; also; in addition ; descendant; successor; heir ; after one's death ; past; previous
too; also; in addition; as well; (not) either (in a negative sentence) ; both A and B; A as well as B; neither A nor B (in a negative sentence) ; even; as much as; as many as; as far as; as long as; no less than; no fewer than ; even if; even though; although; in spite of ; further; more; again; another; the other
indicates direct object of action ; indicates subject of causative expression ; indicates an area traversed ; indicates time (period) over which action takes place ; indicates point of departure or separation of action ; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to chase; to run after; to pursue; to follow after ; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.) ; to drive out; to get rid of; to oust; to expel ; to drive (e.g. a herd) ; to be pressed (e.g. for time)
to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to put to use ; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to handle; to manage; to manipulate ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend; to consume ; to use (language); to speak
one's body; one's person ; oneself; one's appearance ; one's place (in society, etc.); one's position ; main part; meat (as opposed to bone, skin, etc.); wood (as opposed to bark); blade (as opposed to its handle); container (as opposed to its lid)
to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain ; to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be) ; to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of ; to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished ; to change (into); to turn (into); to transform ; to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do) ; to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make ; to play (the part of); to act as ; to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as ; to be promoted
at (place, time); in; on; during ; to (direction, state); toward; into ; for (purpose) ; because of (reason); for; with ; by; from ; as (i.e. in the role of) ; per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month") ; and; in addition to ; if; although
to reach; to amount to; to befall; to happen to; to extend; to go on (for, until) ; to be up to the task; to come up to ; to compare with; to be a match (for) ; to commit (a crime) ; to require (to do)
to leave (behind) ; to leave (undone); to not finish ; to save; to set aside; to reserve ; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death); to bequeath ; to stay (in the ring); to hold on
you said; he said; she said; they said ; even if ; do you seriously think that ; I already told you; you should know by now that; of course ; the said ...; said ... ; says that ... ; I hear that ... ; as for the term ... ; as for ...
to see; to look; to watch; to view; to observe ; to examine; to look over; to assess; to check; to judge ; to look after; to attend to; to take care of; to keep an eye on ; to experience; to meet with (misfortune, success, etc.) ; to try ...; to have a go at ...; to give ... a try ; to see (that) ...; to find (that) ...
life; life force ; lifetime; lifespan ; most important thing; foundation; core ; paired tattoos of the "life" kanji on the upper arms of a man and woman (indicating unwavering love) ; fate; destiny; karma
rule; domination; control ; direction; management; guidance ; control (of one's destiny, public opinion, etc.); governing; influence; sway ; government
to flush out (a hare, fox, etc.); to drive out; to beat out; to start ; to drive (cattle, sheep, etc.); to urge on; to spur (a horse) ; to drive (to do); to urge; to spur on; to push; to impel
to go to the top; to climb to the top; to ascend to the top; to reach the summit (e.g. of a mountain) ; to be engrossed in; to be very enthusiastic about; to be infatuated with
to be based (on); to be founded (on); to be grounded (on); to be in accordance (with) ; to be due to; to come (from); to arise (from); to originate (in)