expert; learned person ; doctor; PhD; Dr. ; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryō period) ; pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
at (place, time); in; on; during ; to (direction, state); toward; into ; for (purpose) ; because of (reason); for; with ; by; from ; as (i.e. in the role of) ; per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month") ; and; in addition to ; if; although
sinking; foundering; going down; submersion ; getting dead drunk ; having too much fun (esp. in a red-light district, etc.) and missing work or neglecting one's duties ; staying in one place for a long time
indicates direct object of action ; indicates subject of causative expression ; indicates an area traversed ; indicates time (period) over which action takes place ; indicates point of departure or separation of action ; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates the subject of a sentence ; indicates possession ; but; however; (and) yet; though; although; while ; and ; used after an introductory remark or explanation ; regardless of ...; whether ... (or not); no matter ... ; indicates a desire or hope ; softens a statement ; indicates doubt ; indicates scorn
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since ; from (originator); by ; because; since ; out of (constituent, part) ; through (e.g. window, vestibule) ; after; since ; expresses sympathy or warning
capital (esp. Kyoto, Japan's former capital); seat of government ; capital (of music, fashion, etc.); city (e.g. of light) ; location of the Imperial Palace
whole; entirety ; to begin with; in the first place ; ... the heck (e.g. "what the heck?"); ... in the world (e.g. "why in the world?"); ... on earth (e.g. "who on earth?")
to take out; to get out ; to put out; to reveal; to show ; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in ; to publish; to make public ; to send (e.g. letter) ; to produce (a sound); to start (fire) ; to serve (food) ; ... out (e.g. to jump out, to carry out) ; to begin ...; to start to ...; to burst into ...
you said; he said; she said; they said ; even if ; do you seriously think that ; I already told you; you should know by now that; of course ; the said ...; said ... ; says that ... ; I hear that ... ; as for the term ... ; as for ...
to collect; to put (it all) together; to integrate; to consolidate; to unify ; to summarize; to aggregate ; to bring to a conclusion; to finalize; to settle; to put in order ; to establish; to decide
first (of all); firstly; to begin with; before anything else ; probably; most likely; almost certainly; virtually ; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole; reasonably ; anyway; at any rate; for now (at least); for the time being