sky ; heaven ; God ; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth) ; deva (divine being of Buddhism) ; top (of a book) ; sole (of a Japanese sandal) ; beginning; start ; tempura ; India
shade; shadow ; behind (something); other side; back ; the background; behind the scenes; behind someone's back ; gloom (in someone's expression, nature, etc.); darkness
moving forward (e.g. of a vehicle); onward movement ; progress (of work, activities, etc.); advance; making headway ; progression (of a disease, global warming, etc.) ; progression (e.g. chord progression)
origin; source; beginning ; basis; base; foundation; root ; cause ; (raw) material; ingredient; base; mix (e.g. for a cake); (soup) stock ; (one's) side ; capital; principal; cost price ; root (of a plant); (tree) trunk ; part (of a brush, chopsticks, etc.) one holds (with the hand) ; first three lines of a waka ; counter for plants or trees
head ; hair (on one's head) ; mind; brains; intellect ; leader; chief; boss; captain ; top; tip ; beginning; start ; head; person ; down payment; deposit ; top structural component of a kanji ; pair
sen (hundredth of a yen) ; coin made of non-precious materials ; one-thousandth of a kan (as a unit of currency) ; one-thousandth of a kan (as a unit of mass)
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.) ; under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath ; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); in (e.g. the name of ...) ; (someone's) side; (someone's) location
reason; principle; logic ; general principle (as opposed to individual concrete phenomenon) ; the underlying principles of the cosmos (in neo-Confucianism)
throwing in; inserting; depositing (e.g. a ballot) ; investment; commitment (of funds, personnel, etc.); injection; infusion ; launching (a product into the market); introduction ; submitting (a job to a computer); issuing (a command)
to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do) ; to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable ; to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.) ; to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up ; to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready ; to grow (of a crop); to be produced ; to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character ; to be by nature; to be born ... ; to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone) ; to get pregnant