indicates direct object of action ; indicates subject of causative expression ; indicates an area traversed ; indicates time (period) over which action takes place ; indicates point of departure or separation of action ; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to perform ; to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into) ; to serve as; to act as; to work as ; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.) ; to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as ; to decide on; to choose ; to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.) ; to be (in a state, condition, etc.) ; to be worth; to cost ; to pass (of time); to elapse
thing; matter ; incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis ; circumstances; situation; state of affairs ; work; business; affair ; after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to ; nominalizing suffix ; pretending to ...; playing make-believe ... ; alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or ; necessity; need ; you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
too; also; in addition; as well; (not) either (in a negative sentence) ; both A and B; A as well as B; neither A nor B (in a negative sentence) ; even; as much as; as many as; as far as; as long as; no less than; no fewer than ; even if; even though; although; in spite of ; further; more; again; another; the other
indicates the subject of a sentence ; indicates possession ; but; however; (and) yet; though; although; while ; and ; used after an introductory remark or explanation ; regardless of ...; whether ... (or not); no matter ... ; indicates a desire or hope ; softens a statement ; indicates doubt ; indicates scorn
as expected; sure enough; just as one thought ; after all (is said and done); in the end; as one would expect; in any case ; too; also; as well; likewise; (not) either ; still; as before ; all the same; even so; still; nonetheless
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since ; from (originator); by ; because; since ; out of (constituent, part) ; through (e.g. window, vestibule) ; after; since ; expresses sympathy or warning
at (place, time); in; on; during ; to (direction, state); toward; into ; for (purpose) ; because of (reason); for; with ; by; from ; as (i.e. in the role of) ; per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month") ; and; in addition to ; if; although
to disappear; to vanish; to go out of sight; to go away; to become lost ; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to turn off (e.g. of a TV screen) ; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope) ; to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness); to disappear; to fade away (e.g. of footsteps) ; to wear away (e.g. of an inscription); to rub out (of writing); to fade (e.g. of ink) ; to be lost (e.g. of a tradition); to die out; to disappear
if; in case; if it is the case that; if it is true that ; as for; on the topic of ; if that's the case; if so; that being the case ; if possible; if circumstances allow
to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to put to use ; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to handle; to manage; to manipulate ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend; to consume ; to use (language); to speak
no good; not serving its purpose; useless; broken ; hopeless; wasted; in vain; purposeless ; cannot; must not; not allowed ; neutral point; intersection owned by neither player at the end of a game ; no!; stop!
number one; first; first place ; best; most ; game; round; bout ; as a test; as an experiment; by way of experiment; by way of trial; tentatively ; song (e.g. in noh); piece
right?; isn't it?; doesn't it?; don't you?; don't you think? ; hey; say; listen; look; come on ; you know; you see; I must say; I should think ; will you?; please ; so, ...; well, ...; you see, ...; you understand? ; I'm not sure if ...; I have my doubts about whether ...
right?; isn't it?; doesn't it?; don't you?; don't you think? ; hey; say; listen; look; come on ; you know; you see; I must say; I should think ; will you?; please ; so, ...; well, ...; you see, ...; you understand? ; I'm not sure if ...; I have my doubts about whether ...
to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain ; to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be) ; to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of ; to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished ; to change (into); to turn (into); to transform ; to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do) ; to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make ; to play (the part of); to act as ; to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as ; to be promoted
again; once more; once again; another time; some other time ; also; too; as well; likewise ; on the other hand; while ; and; in addition; besides; moreover; furthermore ; or; otherwise ; really; how; (what, why) on earth ; indirect
to end; to come to an end; to finish; to close; to be over ; to finish; to complete; to conclude ; to finish doing ; to be past its (one's) prime ; to be awful; to be terrible; to suck; to be hopeless
point; tip; end; nozzle ; head (of a line); front ; first; before; ahead (of) ; (the way) ahead; beyond ; future ; previous; prior; former; recent; last ; destination; address; place where you do something ; rest (e.g. of a story); continuation; remaining part ; the other party
but; however; though; nevertheless; still; yet; even so; also; as well ; even ; however; no matter how; even if; even though ; ... or something ; either ... or ...; neither ... nor ... ; pseudo-; quack; in-name-only ; for lack of anything better to do
not less than ...; ... and over; ... and above; ... and upwards; ... or more ; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; more than; further than ; the above; the above-mentioned; the aforementioned; the foregoing ; since ...; seeing that ...; now that ...; once ... ; that's all; that is the end; the end
limit; limits; bounds ; degree; extent; scope ; the end; the last ; as long as ...; as far as ...; as much as ...; to the limits of ...; all of ... ; unless ... ; (not) included in ...; (not) part of ... ; being very much (in a certain state); extreme amount (of a feeling, etc.) ; ... only (e.g. "one time only", "today only") ; end of one's life; final moments; death ; funeral; burial
to think; to consider; to believe; to reckon ; to think (of doing); to plan (to do) ; to judge; to assess; to regard ; to imagine; to suppose; to dream ; to expect; to look forward to ; to feel; to be (in a state of mind); to desire; to want ; to care (deeply) for; to yearn for; to worry about; to love ; to recall; to remember
to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to see; to get; to follow ; to become clear; to be known; to be discovered; to be realized; to be realised; to be found out ; I know!; I think so too!