too; also; in addition; as well; (not) either (in a negative sentence) ; both A and B; A as well as B; neither A nor B (in a negative sentence) ; even; as much as; as many as; as far as; as long as; no less than; no fewer than ; even if; even though; although; in spite of ; further; more; again; another; the other
indicates direct object of action ; indicates subject of causative expression ; indicates an area traversed ; indicates time (period) over which action takes place ; indicates point of departure or separation of action ; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to unlock ; to open (for business, etc.) ; to empty; to remove; to make space; to make room ; to move out; to clear out ; to be away from (e.g. one's house); to leave (temporarily) ; to dawn; to grow light ; to end (of a period, season) ; to begin (of the New Year) ; to leave (one's schedule) open; to make time (for) ; to make (a hole); to open up (a hole)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since ; from (originator); by ; because; since ; out of (constituent, part) ; through (e.g. window, vestibule) ; after; since ; expresses sympathy or warning
extent; degree; measure ; limit; bounds ; (span of) time ; (a) distance ; the state of; the status of; the condition of ; about; around; approximately; or so ; as much as ...; to the extent of ...; like ... ; the more ... the more ...
to run ; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to travel; to move; to sail ; to rush (to); to dash; to race ; to retreat; to flee; to defect (to) ; to run away; to abscond; to elope ; to flash (of lightning); to streak; to shoot (through; e.g. of pain); to run (through); to flare; to flit (e.g. across one's face); to spread quickly (of news, shock, etc.) ; to go (e.g. bad, to extremes); to become; to turn; to take to (e.g. crime); to get carried away by (e.g. one's emotions); to get involved in; to get wrapped up in ; to run (through; of a road, street, etc.); to extend (e.g. of a mountain range); to stretch; to lie
inn; tavern; hatago; Edo-period lodging for travellers ; basket used by travellers to carry food and other supplies ; basket used by travellers to carry horse fodder
indicates the subject of a sentence ; indicates possession ; but; however; (and) yet; though; although; while ; and ; used after an introductory remark or explanation ; regardless of ...; whether ... (or not); no matter ... ; indicates a desire or hope ; softens a statement ; indicates doubt ; indicates scorn
to be; to exist; to live ; to have ; to be located ; to be equipped with ; to happen; to come about ; to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
to hurt; to injure; to cause pain ; to harm; to damage; to spoil ; to worry; to bother; to be grieved over; to afflict ; to cause financial loss; to hurt one's pocket
at (place, time); in; on; during ; to (direction, state); toward; into ; for (purpose) ; because of (reason); for; with ; by; from ; as (i.e. in the role of) ; per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month") ; and; in addition to ; if; although
it is ... that ...; precisely; in particular; definitely; for sure; only (when, after, because, etc.) ; although; while; it is the case that ... but ; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ... ; not at all; not in the slightest; absolutely not; never
thing; object; article; stuff; substance ; one's things; possessions; property; belongings ; things; something; anything; everything; nothing ; quality ; reason; the way of things ; used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen ; item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ... ; cause of ...; cause for ... ; somehow; somewhat; for some reason ; really; truly
inside; within ; while (e.g. one is young); during; within (e.g. a day); in the course of ; among; amongst; (out) of; between ; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.); amidst; with (e.g. success) ; within oneself; one's feelings; inner thoughts ; we; our company; our organization ; one's home; one's family ; my spouse; my husband; my wife ; signed on behalf of (husband's name) by his wife ; I; me
point; tip; end; nozzle ; head (of a line); front ; first; before; ahead (of) ; (the way) ahead; beyond ; future ; previous; prior; former; recent; last ; destination; address; place where you do something ; rest (e.g. of a story); continuation; remaining part ; the other party
to pay (e.g. money, bill) ; to brush off; to wipe away; to clear away; to dust off; to cut off (e.g. branches) ; to drive away (e.g. one's competitors) ; to sell off (something unneeded); to dispose of ; to pay (e.g. attention); to show (e.g. respect, concern) ; to make (e.g. effort, sacrifice); to expend; to exert ; to move out (of one's own place); to vacate ; to sweep (e.g. one's legs); to knock aside ; to make a sweeping stroke (in Japanese calligraphy) ; to reset (an abacus)
please; kindly; pray; I beg (of you) ; by all means; certainly; of course; (go) ahead; (feel) free (to); (you are) welcome (to); please (help yourself to) ; here you are ; to give
to leave (behind) ; to leave (undone); to not finish ; to save; to set aside; to reserve ; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death); to bequeath ; to stay (in the ring); to hold on
to be contrary (to); to go against; to run counter (to); to contradict; to be opposite (to) ; to infringe; to violate; to transgress ; to disobey (an order, teachings, etc.); to defy; to rebel; to revolt
far from; anything but; not at all ... but rather ...; not ..., on the contrary, ...; instead of; rather than ; let alone; to say nothing of; not to mention; much less; not only ... (but also ...)
indicates word or phrase being defined ; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.) ; with ; (not) as much as; (not) so much as ; the fact that; to think that; such a thing as
to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to put to use ; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to handle; to manage; to manipulate ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend; to consume ; to use (language); to speak
fast; quick; rapid; swift; speedy; brisk; prompt ; early; soon; earlier than usual ; premature; too soon; too early ; easy; simple; quick; fast ; as soon as ...; the moment ...; the instant ...
to sleep (lying down) ; to go to bed; to lie in bed ; to lie down ; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse) ; to lie flat (e.g. of hair) ; to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.) ; to ferment (of soy sauce, miso, etc.)
to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to see; to get; to follow ; to become clear; to be known; to be discovered; to be realized; to be realised; to be found out ; I know!; I think so too!
to enter; to go in; to get in; to come in ; to set (of the sun or moon); to sink; to go down ; to attain (nirvana, enlightenment, etc.); to achieve; to reach (e.g. a climax) ; to do fully; to do intently; to do sincerely; to do deeply; to feel keenly ; to (reach a state) completely
there's no (other) way ; cannot be helped; unavoidable; inevitable; (there's) nothing one can do; having no choice ; it's no use (doing); pointless; useless; no good; insufficient; not enough ; hopeless (person); annoying; troublesome; awful ; cannot stand it; unbearable; cannot help (doing, feeling); dying (to do)