to rise; to go up; to come up; to ascend; to be raised ; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to go in ; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade ; to get out (of water); to come ashore ; to increase ; to improve; to make progress ; to be promoted; to advance ; to be made (of profit, etc.) ; to occur (esp. of a favourable result) ; to be adequate (to cover expenses, etc.)
to eat ; to live; to make a living; to survive ; to bite; to sting (as insects do) ; to tease; to torment; to taunt; to make light of; to make fun of ; to encroach on; to eat into; to consume ; to defeat a superior; to threaten a position ; to consume time; to consume resources ; to receive something (usu. an unfavourable event) ; to have sexual relations with a woman, esp. for the first time
that is to say; that is; in other words; I mean; that (this, it) means ; in short; in brief; to sum up; ultimately; in the end; in the long run; when all is said and done; what it all comes down to; when you get right down to it; basically ; clogging; obstruction; stuffing; (degree of) blockage ; shrinkage ; end; conclusion ; dead end; corner ; distress; being at the end of one's rope
such things as ...; and ... and ; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; as soon as ; be; is ; o; oh ; huh; what ; hi ; yes; what? ; yes?; no?; is it?; isn't it?
if; when; after ; when it comes to ...; as for ...; that ... ; why don't you ...; why not ...; how about ...; what about ... ; I tell you!; I said ...; I really mean ... ; vocative particle
to be packed (with); to be filled; to be full (e.g. of a schedule) ; to be blocked (of a pipe, nose, etc.); to be clogged; to be stopped up ; to be become shorter; to shrink; to narrow ; to be at a loss (for); to be pressed (for); to be stuck (for) ; to come to the end; to be settled ; to become a geminate consonant ; to hit the bat close to the batter's hands (of a pitch); to hit off the fists; to get jammed
wide-mouthed ceramic vessel with a small hole in its spherical base (into which bamboo was probably inserted to pour liquids; from the Kofun period) ; teapot-like object made typically of lacquerware and used to pour hot and cold liquids
origin; source; beginning ; basis; base; foundation; root ; cause ; (raw) material; ingredient; base; mix (e.g. for a cake); (soup) stock ; (one's) side ; capital; principal; cost price ; root (of a plant); (tree) trunk ; part (of a brush, chopsticks, etc.) one holds (with the hand) ; first three lines of a waka ; counter for plants or trees
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me ; may I come in? ; permission; leave; license ; dismissal; discharge ; not wanting; objecting to; being fed up with; wishing to avoid
behind; rear ; after; later ; remainder; the rest ; more (e.g. five more minutes); left ; also; in addition ; descendant; successor; heir ; after one's death ; past; previous
to have a cramp; to twitch; to spasm ; to stiffen (of a face, expression); to freeze; to grow tight (e.g. of a voice) ; to shrink (of skin, due to a scar); to tauten
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; now, now ; tolerably; passably; moderately; reasonably; fairly; rather; somewhat ; well...; I think...; it would seem...; you might say...; Hmmm, I guess so... ; oh!; oh dear!; oh, my!; wow!; goodness gracious!; good heavens!
to urge; to encourage; to press; to prompt; to draw (attention to) ; to stimulate (e.g. growth); to hasten (e.g. development); to quicken; to accelerate; to promote
to fall (e.g. blossoms, leaves) ; to scatter; to be dispersed ; to disappear; to dissolve; to break up ; to spread; to run; to blur ; to die a noble death
to be decided; to be settled; to be fixed; to be arranged ; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be fixed; to be set ; to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be a convention; to be a custom; to be common knowledge ; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.); to go well; to succeed; to connect (of a punch) ; to look good (of clothing); to look sharp; to be stylish; to suit one; to be held in place (of a hairdo) ; to be struck and held (of a pose in kabuki)
to fan (oneself, flames, etc.) ; to flap (in the wind) ; to instigate; to stir up; to incite; to agitate ; to drive up prices (by buying a large amount of something) ; to take a photo from a low angle ; to tailgate
concentration (on a task); focusing one's attention ; concentration (of population, buildings, power, etc.); centralization; convergence; focus (of a debate, questions, etc.) ; within a collection of works