at (place, time); in; on; during ; to (direction, state); toward; into ; for (purpose) ; because of (reason); for; with ; by; from ; as (i.e. in the role of) ; per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month") ; and; in addition to ; if; although
origin; source; beginning ; basis; base; foundation; root ; cause ; (raw) material; ingredient; base; mix (e.g. for a cake); (soup) stock ; (one's) side ; capital; principal; cost price ; root (of a plant); (tree) trunk ; part (of a brush, chopsticks, etc.) one holds (with the hand) ; first three lines of a waka ; counter for plants or trees
indicates the subject of a sentence ; indicates possession ; but; however; (and) yet; though; although; while ; and ; used after an introductory remark or explanation ; regardless of ...; whether ... (or not); no matter ... ; indicates a desire or hope ; softens a statement ; indicates doubt ; indicates scorn
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since ; from (originator); by ; because; since ; out of (constituent, part) ; through (e.g. window, vestibule) ; after; since ; expresses sympathy or warning
to feel; to sense; to experience ; to be moved (by); to be touched (by); to be impressed (by); to respond (to) ; to become infected with (an illness); to catch
to be; to exist; to live ; to have ; to be located ; to be equipped with ; to happen; to come about ; to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to see; to get; to follow ; to become clear; to be known; to be discovered; to be realized; to be realised; to be found out ; I know!; I think so too!
too; also; in addition; as well; (not) either (in a negative sentence) ; both A and B; A as well as B; neither A nor B (in a negative sentence) ; even; as much as; as many as; as far as; as long as; no less than; no fewer than ; even if; even though; although; in spite of ; further; more; again; another; the other
to make; to produce; to manufacture; to build; to construct ; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol) ; to raise; to grow; to cultivate; to train ; to till ; to draw up (a document); to make out; to prepare; to write ; to create (an artistic work, etc.); to compose ; to coin (a phrase); to organize; to organise; to establish; to found ; to have (a child) ; to make up (one's face, etc.) ; to fabricate (an excuse, etc.)
terrible; dreadful ; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); wonderful; terrific ; to a great extent; vast (in numbers) ; awfully; very; immensely
to hit ; to expose ; to apply (e.g. patch); to put on; to put against; to hold on; to hold against ; to allot; to call on someone (e.g. in class) ; to guess (an answer) ; to make a hit (e.g. in a lottery)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to arrive ; to come back; to do ... and come back ; to come to be; to become; to get; to grow; to continue ; to come from; to be caused by; to derive from ; to come to (e.g. "when it comes to spinach ...")
one long cylindrical thing; one film, TV show, etc.; one goal, home run, etc.; one telephone call ; one version ; one book; a certain book ; ippon; one point; a blow ; geisha ; single-minded focus on ...
sen (hundredth of a yen) ; coin made of non-precious materials ; one-thousandth of a kan (as a unit of currency) ; one-thousandth of a kan (as a unit of mass)
indicates direct object of action ; indicates subject of causative expression ; indicates an area traversed ; indicates time (period) over which action takes place ; indicates point of departure or separation of action ; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; in case; if it is the case that; if it is true that ; as for; on the topic of ; if that's the case; if so; that being the case ; if possible; if circumstances allow
to see; to look; to watch; to view; to observe ; to examine; to look over; to assess; to check; to judge ; to look after; to attend to; to take care of; to keep an eye on ; to experience; to meet with (misfortune, success, etc.) ; to try ...; to have a go at ...; to give ... a try ; to see (that) ...; to find (that) ...
to receive; to take; to accept ; to get someone to do something ; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match) ; to contract (a disease); to catch; to be affected
splendid; nice; wonderful; delightful; lovely; excellent; fine ; sufficient; satisfactory; enough; fine; all right; OK ; not needing (any more of something); (already) having enough; fine (as in "I'm fine"); no, thank you ; rather; quite; fairly; pretty; surprisingly; quite a bit; fairly well ; structure; construction; framework; architecture
thing; object; article; stuff; substance ; one's things; possessions; property; belongings ; things; something; anything; everything; nothing ; quality ; reason; the way of things ; used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen ; item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ... ; cause of ...; cause for ... ; somehow; somewhat; for some reason ; really; truly