indicates the subject of a sentence ; indicates possession ; but; however; (and) yet; though; although; while ; and ; used after an introductory remark or explanation ; regardless of ...; whether ... (or not); no matter ... ; indicates a desire or hope ; softens a statement ; indicates doubt ; indicates scorn
to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain ; to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be) ; to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of ; to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished ; to change (into); to turn (into); to transform ; to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do) ; to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make ; to play (the part of); to act as ; to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as ; to be promoted
to send; to dispatch; to forward; to transmit; to ship; to remit ; to see (someone) off; to escort; to accompany; to take ; to bid farewell to (the departed); to say goodbye to; to bury ; to spend (time); to pass; to lead (a life); to live ; to pass (on, along); to advance (a runner) ; to affix (okurigana)
to hear ; to listen (e.g. to music) ; to ask; to enquire; to query ; to hear about; to hear of; to learn of ; to follow (advice, order, etc.); to obey; to listen to; to comply with ; to hear (e.g. a plea); to grant (a request); to accept (e.g. an argument); to give consideration to ; to smell (esp. incense); to sample (a fragrance) ; to taste (alcohol); to try
at (place, time); in; on; during ; to (direction, state); toward; into ; for (purpose) ; because of (reason); for; with ; by; from ; as (i.e. in the role of) ; per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month") ; and; in addition to ; if; although
indicates direct object of action ; indicates subject of causative expression ; indicates an area traversed ; indicates time (period) over which action takes place ; indicates point of departure or separation of action ; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold in one's arms (e.g. a baby); to embrace; to hug ; to have (a thought or feeling); to hold; to harbour (suspicion, doubt, etc.); to harbor; to bear (a grudge, ill will, etc.); to entertain (hope, illusions, etc.); to cherish (e.g. an ambition)
thing; matter ; incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis ; circumstances; situation; state of affairs ; work; business; affair ; after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to ; nominalizing suffix ; pretending to ...; playing make-believe ... ; alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or ; necessity; need ; you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
to live; to exist ; to make a living; to subsist ; to be in effect; to be in use; to function ; to come to life; to be enlivened ; to be safe (in baseball, go, etc.)
to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to put to use ; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to handle; to manage; to manipulate ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend; to consume ; to use (language); to speak
to sleep ; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie (buried); to sleep (in the grave) ; to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; to lie untapped; to lie untouched ; to close one's eyes
to be open (to traffic); to lead to; to communicate (with) ; to flow (liquid, current); to pass; to get through to ; to be understood; to be comprehended ; to be honored; to be good ; to be well versed in; to be well-informed ; to communicate clandestinely; to keep in touch (e.g. with the enemy) ; to form a liaison; to be intimate ; to spread widely; to disseminate
if; in case; if it is the case that; if it is true that ; as for; on the topic of ; if that's the case; if so; that being the case ; if possible; if circumstances allow
you said; he said; she said; they said ; even if ; do you seriously think that ; I already told you; you should know by now that; of course ; the said ...; said ... ; says that ... ; I hear that ... ; as for the term ... ; as for ...
you said; he said; she said; they said ; even if ; do you seriously think that ; I already told you; you should know by now that; of course ; the said ...; said ... ; says that ... ; I hear that ... ; as for the term ... ; as for ...
to do; to undertake; to perform; to play (a game); to study ; to send; to dispatch; to despatch ; to put; to move; to turn (one's head, glance, etc.) ; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status); to let have; to present; to bestow; to confer ; to make (a vehicle) go faster ; to run (a business); to keep; to be engaged in; to practice (law, medicine, etc.); to practise ; to have (food, drink, etc.); to eat; to drink; to smoke ; to hold (a performance); to perform; to show ; to ease (one's mind) ; to harm; to injure; to kill
relation; relationship; connection ; participation; involvement; concern ; influence; effect ; sexual relations; sexual relationship ; related to; connected to
right?; isn't it?; doesn't it?; don't you?; don't you think? ; hey; say; listen; look; come on ; you know; you see; I must say; I should think ; will you?; please ; so, ...; well, ...; you see, ...; you understand? ; I'm not sure if ...; I have my doubts about whether ...
to advance; to go forward ; to precede; to go ahead (of) ; to make progress; to improve ; to deepen; to heighten ; to be fast (of a clock); to be ahead ; to do of one's own free will
unreasonable; unnatural; unjustifiable ; impossible ; forcible; forced; compulsory ; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate ; to work too hard; to try too hard ; no way; not a chance; never; dream on ; irrational
to return (something); to restore; to put back ; to turn over; to turn upside down; to overturn ; to pay back; to retaliate; to reciprocate ; to respond (with); to retort; to reply; to say back ; to do ... back (e.g. speak back, throw back) ; to do again; to do repeatedly
to make; to produce; to manufacture; to build; to construct ; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol) ; to raise; to grow; to cultivate; to train ; to till ; to draw up (a document); to make out; to prepare; to write ; to create (an artistic work, etc.); to compose ; to coin (a phrase); to organize; to organise; to establish; to found ; to have (a child) ; to make up (one's face, etc.) ; to fabricate (an excuse, etc.)
ronin; masterless samurai ; high school graduate waiting for another chance to enter university after having failed the yearly entrance examination ; person out of work; jobless person ; wanderer; drifter