Jiten beta

indicates possessive ; nominalizes verbs and adjectives ; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases ; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion ; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis ; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

厳(きび)しい

x1 | Rank #1,454

severe; strict; rigid; unsparing; relentless ; hard (to do); difficult; tricky ; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather); inclement

寒(さむ)さ

x4 | Rank #6,812

coldness

に

x91 | Rank #5

at (place, time); in; on; during ; to (direction, state); toward; into ; for (purpose) ; because of (reason); for; with ; by; from ; as (i.e. in the role of) ; per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month") ; and; in addition to ; if; although

なる

x15 | Rank #43

to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain ; to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be) ; to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of ; to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished ; to change (into); to turn (into); to transform ; to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do) ; to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make ; to play (the part of); to act as ; to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as ; to be promoted

でしょう

x1 | Rank #150

it seems; I think; I guess; I wonder ; right?; don't you agree?

父(ちち)

x6 | Rank #662

father

はあ

x4 | Rank #237

yes; indeed; well ; ha! ; what?; huh? ; sigh

会(かい)社(しゃ)

x3 | Rank #628

company; corporation; firm ; one's workplace

行(い)く

x6 | Rank #79

to go; to move (towards); to head (towards); to leave (for) ; to move through; to travel across; to walk along (e.g. a road) ; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to turn out; to get along ; to do (in a particular way); to go (with; a choice); to try ; to pass (of time, seasons, etc.); to go by ; to stream; to flow ; to die; to pass away ; to reach (a stage, extent, age, etc.); to get to; to go (so far as ...) ; to reach (of information, instructions, wind, etc.); to arrive ; to continue ...; to go on ...; to (progress) steadily; to gradually ...; to progressively ...

ねえ

x32 | Rank #92

right?; isn't it?; doesn't it?; don't you?; don't you think? ; hey; say; listen; look; come on ; you know; you see; I must say; I should think ; will you?; please ; so, ...; well, ...; you see, ...; you understand? ; I'm not sure if ...; I have my doubts about whether ...

辞(や)める

x1 | Rank #1,332

to resign; to retire; to quit; to leave (one's job, etc.)

かな

x4 | Rank #233

I wonder ; should I?; is it? ; I wish that; I hope that

退(たい)職(しょく)願(ねがい)

x1 | Rank #34,685

letter of resignation; request for retirement

寒(さむ)い

x5 | Rank #1,689

cold (e.g. weather) ; uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull; weak; corny

から

x28 | Rank #12

from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since ; from (originator); by ; because; since ; out of (constituent, part) ; through (e.g. window, vestibule) ; after; since ; expresses sympathy or warning

と

x30 | Rank #6

if; when ; and ; with ; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.) ; promoted pawn ; indicates a question

書(か)く

x1 | Rank #435

to write; to compose; to pen ; to draw; to paint

つもり

x1 | Rank #248

intention; plan; purpose; expectation ; belief; assumption; thought; conviction ; estimate; estimation; calculation

か

x78 | Rank #9

indicates a question ; or; whether or not ; some- (e.g. something, someone) ; hmm; huh ; very ; -al; -ial; -ic; -ical; -ish; -y ; in that way

母(はは)

x5 | Rank #772

mother

ちょうど

x1 | Rank #1,195

exactly; precisely; just; right; opportunely; fortunately ; just (like); as if; as though

よい

x3 | Rank #160

good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable ; sufficient; enough; ready; prepared ; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial ; OK; all right; fine; no problem ; easy to ...

はい

x8 | Rank #50

yes; that is correct ; understood; I see; OK; okay ; present; here ; pardon?; what's that?; come again? ; now; here; here you go ; giddy-up; giddap

パパ

x2 | Rank #725

dad; daddy; papa ; sugar daddy

これ

x19 | Rank #33

this; this one ; this person ; now; this point (in time) ; here ; used to stress the subject of a sentence ; I; me

使(つか)う

x3 | Rank #225

to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to put to use ; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to handle; to manage; to manipulate ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend; to consume ; to use (language); to speak

え

x4 | Rank #88

eh?; what?; oh? ; yes; that's correct ; strengthens a question, assertion, etc. ; hey

うわ

x2 | Rank #405

yikes; oops; eep; wow; aargh

マフラー

x2 | Rank #9,109

(thick) scarf; muffler ; muffler (for a vehicle exhaust); silencer

編(あ)む

x1 | Rank #12,612

to knit; to plait; to braid ; to compile (anthology, dictionary, etc.); to edit

くれる

x6 | Rank #80

to give; to let (one) have ; to give ; to do for one; to take the trouble to do ; to do to someone's disadvantage

で

x40 | Rank #11

at; in ; at; when ; by; with ; within; in ; and then; so ; and; then ; let me tell you; don't you know

少(すこ)し

x5 | Rank #215

a little; a bit; a small amount; a few; some; slightly; somewhat ; a little while; a short time; a moment; a minute ; a little way; a short distance

暖(あたた)かい

x3 | Rank #5,792

warm; mild; (pleasantly) hot ; considerate; kind; genial ; warm (of a colour); mellow ; having enough money

温(あたた)かい

x3 | Rank #3,323

warm; mild; (pleasantly) hot ; considerate; kind; genial ; warm (of a colour); mellow ; having enough money

心(こころ)

x7 | Rank #318

mind; heart; spirit ; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)

が

x100 | Rank #4

indicates the subject of a sentence ; indicates possession ; but; however; (and) yet; though; although; while ; and ; used after an introductory remark or explanation ; regardless of ...; whether ... (or not); no matter ... ; indicates a desire or hope ; softens a statement ; indicates doubt ; indicates scorn

全(ぜん)然(ぜん)

x8 | Rank #362

(not) at all; (not) in the slightest ; wholly; entirely; completely; totally ; extremely; very

ない

x7 | Rank #1,622

dead

よ

x61 | Rank #10

hey; you ; hey ; hey; hold on ; yo; hey

もう

x9 | Rank #48

already; yet; by now; now; (not) any more; (not) any longer ; soon; shortly; before long; presently ; further; more; again; another; the other ; jeez; geez; gee; boy; come on; damn; seriously

だけ

x4 | Rank #47

only; just; merely; simply; no more than; nothing but; alone ; as much as; to the extent of; enough to

行(い)ける

x2 | Rank #23,128

to be good (at); to go well ; to look (taste, etc.) good ; to hold one's liquor; to be able to hold one's drink

捕(つか)まる

x1 | Rank #1,860

to be caught; to be arrested ; to hold on to; to grasp ; to find (e.g. proof); to get (e.g. a taxi) ; to be detained by

あ

x10 | Rank #41

ah; oh ; hey!

何(なに)

x12 | Rank #30

what ; you-know-what; that thing ; whatsit; whachamacallit; what's-his-name; what's-her-name ; penis; (one's) thing; dick ; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest ; what?; huh? ; hey!; come on! ; oh, no (it's fine); why (it's nothing); oh (certainly not)

なんだ

x5 | Rank #77

what!; oh ; what the heck; what the; damn

何(なん)だ

x5 | Rank #920

what!; oh ; what the heck; what the; damn

この

x24 | Rank #27

this ; last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this ; you (as in "you liar")

凍(い)てつく

x1 | Rank #21,039

to freeze

波(は)動(どう)

x1 | Rank #9,881

wave motion; undulation; surge ; wave

テンション

x2 | Rank #3,509

(emotional) tension; anxiety ; (highness of) spirits; (good) mood; excitement; energy ; tension; tensile strength

上(あ)げる

x2 | Rank #855

to raise; to elevate ; to do up (one's hair) ; to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to surface (a submarine, etc.) ; to land (a boat) ; to deep-fry ; to show someone (into a room) ; to give ; to send someone (away) ; to enrol (one's child in school); to enroll ; to increase (price, quality, status, etc.); to develop (talent, skill); to improve

も

x34 | Rank #7

too; also; in addition; as well; (not) either (in a negative sentence) ; both A and B; A as well as B; neither A nor B (in a negative sentence) ; even; as much as; as many as; as far as; as long as; no less than; no fewer than ; even if; even though; although; in spite of ; further; more; again; another; the other

ぞ

x22 | Rank #58

adds force or indicates command

確(たし)かに

x5 | Rank #283

surely; certainly

今(こん)日(にち)は

x2 | Rank #734

hello; good day; good afternoon

いつも

x2 | Rank #231

always; all the time; at all times ; never ; usual; regular; habitual; customary

より

x2 | Rank #149

than ; rather than; instead of; over; above ; from; out of; since; at; on (and after) ; except; but; other than ; more

な

x78 | Rank #17

don't ; do ; hey; listen; look; say ; now, ...; well, ...; I tell you!; you know ; wow; ooh ; right?; isn't it?; doesn't it?; don't you?; don't you think?

そんな

x6 | Rank #64

such; that sort of; that kind of; like that ; no way!; never!

レベル

x1 | Rank #1,099

level; standard; grade; class; rank ; level (amount or quantity) ; level (plane) ; level (instrument); spirit level; surveyor's level

じゃ

x18 | Rank #46

then; well; so; well then

異(い)常(じょう)気(き)象(しょう)

x3 | Rank #33,938

abnormal weather

だ

x70 | Rank #8

be; is

氷(ひょう)河(が)期(き)

x1 | Rank #40,056

glacial period; glacial epoch; glacial era; ice age ; tough period; drought (of opportunities, jobs, etc.)

ぜ

x34 | Rank #124

I can tell you ; heh

さすが

x1 | Rank #670

as one would expect; just as you'd expect (from); just like (someone) ; still; all the same; after all ; even ... (e.g. "even a genius")

俺(おれ)っち

x4 | Rank #13,943

we; us ; I; me

背(せ)中(なか)

x1 | Rank #895

back (of the body)

かいろ

x5 | Rank #27,605

circuit (electric) ; cycle (e.g. Krebs cycle)

貼(は)る

x1 | Rank #4,227

to stick; to paste; to affix ; to stretch; to spread; to strain; to tighten; to put up (e.g. a tent) ; to form (e.g. ice on a pond) ; to fill; to swell ; to stick out; to push out ; to post (a link, etc. online) ; to be expensive ; to keep a watch on; to be on the lookout ; to slap ; to become one tile away from completion

制(せい)服(ふく)

x1 | Rank #1,863

uniform

直(じき)

x1 | Rank #4,893

soon; in a moment; before long; shortly ; nearby; close ; direct ; spot transaction; cash transaction

早(はや)い

x1 | Rank #186

fast; quick; rapid; swift; speedy; brisk; prompt ; early; soon; earlier than usual ; premature; too soon; too early ; easy; simple; quick; fast ; as soon as ...; the moment ...; the instant ...

教(きょう)室(しつ)

x5 | Rank #1,209

classroom; lecture room ; department (in a university) ; class; lessons; course ; school (for a particular discipline); teaching establishment

なら

x7 | Rank #65

if; in case; if it is the case that; if it is true that ; as for; on the topic of ; if that's the case; if so; that being the case ; if possible; if circumstances allow

暖(だん)房(ぼう)

x1 | Rank #19,816

(indoor) heating

効(き)く

x1 | Rank #1,912

to be effective; to take effect; to be good (for) ; to work; to function well ; to be possible (to do, use, etc.); to be able to ; to taste (alcohol); to try

し

x13 | Rank #69

and; besides; moreover; what's more; not only ... but also ; because; since ; the thing is; for one thing

おう

x6 | Rank #509

agreement; affirmative ; aye; yes; OK; okay; yeah; all right

到(とう)着(ちゃく)

x1 | Rank #2,176

arrival

ああ

x14 | Rank #53

ah!; oh!; alas! ; yes; indeed; that is correct ; aah; gah; argh ; hey!; yo! ; uh huh; yeah yeah; right; gotcha

あったか

x2 | Rank #8,972

warm; mild; genial

くる

x1 | Rank #7,071

to reel; to wind; to spin (thread) ; to turn (pages); to flip through (a book); to leaf through (a book); to consult (a dictionary); to refer to (an encyclopedia) ; to count (e.g. the days) ; to open one-by-one; to close one-by-one (e.g. shutters)