Jiten beta

indicates direct object of action ; indicates subject of causative expression ; indicates an area traversed ; indicates time (period) over which action takes place ; indicates point of departure or separation of action ; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

名(な)乗(の)り

x1 | Rank #14,358

giving one's name; self-introduction ; announcing one's name, rank, lineage, etc. (of a samurai on the battlefield) ; name given to male members of the nobility and samurai class upon coming of age ; Japanese kanji reading used in names

地(ち)球(きゅう)

x3 | Rank #1,031

Earth; the globe

連(れん)邦(ぽう)政(せい)府(ふ)

x1 | Rank #33,641

federal government

に

x41 | Rank #5

at (place, time); in; on; during ; to (direction, state); toward; into ; for (purpose) ; because of (reason); for; with ; by; from ; as (i.e. in the role of) ; per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month") ; and; in addition to ; if; although

独(どく)立(りつ)戦(せん)争(そう)

x1 | Rank #52,403

war of independence

挑(いど)む

x1 | Rank #2,895

to challenge to (a fight, game, etc.); to throw down the gauntlet; to contend for ; to tackle (e.g. a problem); to attempt; to go after (a prize, record, etc.) ; to pressure (someone) for sex; to make advances to

この

x3 | Rank #27

this ; last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this ; you (as in "you liar")

戦(たたか)い

x3 | Rank #621

battle; war; fight; conflict ; fight (against time, poverty, etc.); struggle (for freedom, survival, etc.); war (e.g. on drugs); battle (e.g. against nature) ; contest; competition; match; game

で

x16 | Rank #11

at; in ; at; when ; by; with ; within; in ; and then; so ; and; then ; let me tell you; don't you know

と

x13 | Rank #6

if; when ; and ; with ; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.) ; promoted pawn ; indicates a question

連(れん)邦(ぽう)

x1 | Rank #4,412

federation (of states); confederation; commonwealth; union

総(そう)人(じん)口(こう)

x1 | Rank #53,787

total population

の

x80 | Rank #1

indicates possessive ; nominalizes verbs and adjectives ; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases ; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion ; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis ; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

半(はん)分(ぶん)

x1 | Rank #1,359

half

死(し)

x5 | Rank #648

death ; (an) out ; death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation; most severe of the five ritsuryō punishments)

人(ひと)々(びと)

x5 | Rank #1,160

people; men and women ; each person; everybody

その

x3 | Rank #28

that; the ; part (as in "part two") ; um ...; er ...; uh ...

自(おのずか)ら

x2 | Rank #1,064

oneself ; oneself; for oneself; personally; in person

行(こう)為(い)

x1 | Rank #1,848

act; deed; conduct

恐(きょう)怖(ふ)

x1 | Rank #1,627

fear; dread; dismay; terror; horror; scare; panic

月(つき)

x1 | Rank #703

Moon ; month ; moonlight ; (a) moon; natural satellite

向(む)こう

x1 | Rank #712

opposite side; other side ; over there; ahead; beyond; (in the) distance; far away; far off ; destination; there (somewhere distant, esp. abroad) ; the other party; the other side ; from now; next (e.g. two weeks); coming ...; from ... onwards

から

x9 | Rank #12

from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since ; from (originator); by ; because; since ; out of (constituent, part) ; through (e.g. window, vestibule) ; after; since ; expresses sympathy or warning

最(もっと)も

x2 | Rank #1,634

most; extremely

離(はな)れる

x1 | Rank #751

to be separated; to be apart; to be distant ; to leave; to go away ; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit; to give up ; to lose connection with; to drift away from

宇(う)宙(ちゅう)空(くう)間(かん)

x1 | Rank #23,689

(outer) space

数(すう)十(じゅう)

x1 | Rank #7,547

dozens; scores of; decades

が

x36 | Rank #4

indicates the subject of a sentence ; indicates possession ; but; however; (and) yet; though; although; while ; and ; used after an introductory remark or explanation ; regardless of ...; whether ... (or not); no matter ... ; indicates a desire or hope ; softens a statement ; indicates doubt ; indicates scorn

浮(う)かぶ

x2 | Rank #2,260

to float; to be suspended ; to rise to the surface; to appear; to emerge; to show up; to loom (up) ; to come to mind; to have inspiration

これ

x2 | Rank #33

this; this one ; this person ; now; this point (in time) ; here ; used to stress the subject of a sentence ; I; me

こそ

x3 | Rank #337

it is ... that ...; precisely; in particular; definitely; for sure; only (when, after, because, etc.) ; although; while; it is the case that ... but ; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ... ; not at all; not in the slightest; absolutely not; never

独(どく)裁(さい)

x1 | Rank #39,641

dictatorship; despotism; autocracy ; running (a company, etc.) despotically

よる

x2 | Rank #26,486

to be due to; to be caused by ; to depend on; to turn on ; to be based on; to come from ; to be based at (a location, an organization); to be headquartered at

収(おさ)める

x1 | Rank #4,687

to put (into); to put away (in); to put back (in); to keep (in); to store (in); to restore (to its place) ; to include (in an anthology, catalogue, etc.); to contain; to publish (in); to capture (on film) ; to achieve (results, success, etc.); to obtain; to get; to gain; to win; to make (a profit) ; to pay (fees, taxes, etc.); to deliver; to supply ; to accept (a gift or money) ; to keep (within a limit) ; to offer (to a shrine, deity, etc.); to dedicate ; to subdue; to suppress; to settle ; to finish; to conclude; to wind up; to bring to a close

とする

x1 | Rank #692

to try to ...; to be about to do ... ; to decide to ... ; to take as; to treat as; to regard as ; to use for ; to suppose that (such) is the case; to assume ; to decide that; to think that ; to make into; to change into ; to feel (e.g. after sound symbolism or psychological experience word); to look; to feel like ; to intend; to have the intention

支(し)配(はい)

x1 | Rank #2,334

rule; domination; control ; direction; management; guidance ; control (of one's destiny, public opinion, etc.); governing; influence; sway ; government

する

x11 | Rank #19

to do; to carry out; to perform ; to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into) ; to serve as; to act as; to work as ; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.) ; to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as ; to decide on; to choose ; to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.) ; to be (in a state, condition, etc.) ; to be worth; to cost ; to pass (of time); to elapse

都(と)市(し)国(こっ)家(か)

x1 | Rank #52,534

city-state

じおん

x4 | Rank #13,425

Japanese pronunciation of a kanji (based on adopted Chinese pronunciations)

である

x1 | Rank #250

be; is

円(えん)筒(とう)形(けい)

x2 | Rank #48,750

cylindrical

建(けん)造(ぞう)物(ぶつ)

x1 | Rank #17,340

structure; building

中(なか)

x1 | Rank #5,276

inside; interior ; among; within ; middle; center; centre ; during; while; middle; midst; amid ; interval; gap ; mean; average ; second (of three, e.g. sons, volumes); middle ; medium grade; medium quality ; red-light district

生(せい)活(かつ)空(くう)間(かん)

x1 | Rank #65,583

living space

ある

x6 | Rank #36

to be; to exist; to live ; to have ; to be located ; to be equipped with ; to happen; to come about

すなわち

x1 | Rank #4,096

that is (to say); namely; i.e. ; precisely; exactly; just; nothing but; neither more nor less ; (and) then

直(ちょっ)径(けい)

x1 | Rank #13,203

diameter

６(ろく)

x1 | Rank #980

six; 6

キロメートル

x2 | Rank #26,623

kilometer; kilometre

余(あま)り

x1 | Rank #7,706

remainder; remnant; rest; balance; surplus; remains (of a meal); leftovers ; (not) very; (not) much ; too much; excessively; overly ; extreme; great; severe; tremendous; terrible ; not very good; so-so; mediocre ; more than; over

長(なが)さ

x1 | Rank #6,428

length

至(いた)る

x1 | Rank #2,573

to arrive at (e.g. a decision); to reach (a stage); to attain ; to lead to (a place); to get to ; in the extreme case of ; to come; to arrive; to result in

以(い)上(じょう)

x1 | Rank #368

not less than ...; ... and over; ... and above; ... and upwards; ... or more ; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; more than; further than ; the above; the above-mentioned; the aforementioned; the foregoing ; since ...; seeing that ...; now that ...; once ... ; that's all; that is the end; the end

中(なか)には

x1 | Rank #2,890

among (them); of (them)

人(じん)工(こう)

x1 | Rank #9,222

artificial; man-made; human work; human skill; artificiality

自(し)然(ぜん)

x1 | Rank #1,371

nature ; natural; spontaneous; automatic ; naturally; spontaneously; automatically

造(つく)る

x1 | Rank #3,848

to make; to produce; to manufacture; to build; to construct ; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol) ; to raise; to grow; to cultivate; to train ; to till ; to draw up (a document); to make out; to prepare; to write ; to create (an artistic work, etc.); to compose ; to coin (a phrase); to organize; to organise; to establish; to found ; to have (a child) ; to make up (one's face, etc.) ; to fabricate (an excuse, etc.)

て

x3 | Rank #20

you said; he said; she said; they said ; even if ; do you seriously think that ; I already told you; you should know by now that; of course ; the said ...; said ... ; says that ... ; I hear that ... ; as for the term ... ; as for ...

地(ち)球(きゅう)上(じょう)

x1 | Rank #13,385

on Earth; on the earth

全(まった)く

x1 | Rank #858

really; truly; entirely; completely; wholly; perfectly ; indeed ; good grief

同(おな)じ

x4 | Rank #170

same; identical; equal; alike; equivalent ; anyway; in any case; if one must ...; if one has to ...; as long as ...

生(せい)活(かつ)

x1 | Rank #962

life; living ; livelihood; (one's) living

営(いとな)む

x1 | Rank #15,856

to run (a business); to operate; to conduct; to practice (law, medicine, etc.) ; to carry out; to perform; to lead (a life) ; to hold (a Buddhist or Shinto ceremony)

今(いま)

x5 | Rank #63

now; the present time; just now; soon; immediately ; another; more

攻(こう)撃(げき)軍(ぐん)

x1 | Rank #98,041

attacking force

司(し)令(れい)

x1 | Rank #7,455

command; commander; commandant

中(ちゅう)将(じょう)

x2 | Rank #8,046

lieutenant general; vice-admiral

前(ぜん)線(せん)基(き)地(ち)

x1 | Rank #36,569

frontline (military) base; forward base; outpost

帰(き)国(こく)

x1 | Rank #8,196

return to one's country ; return to one's hometown

ふん

x1 | Rank #13,215

minute (unit of time) ; fun (one tenth of a monme, 5.787 grains)

半(はん)年(とし)

x1 | Rank #3,044

half a year; six months

前(さき)

x2 | Rank #123

point; tip; end; nozzle ; head (of a line); front ; first; before; ahead (of) ; (the way) ahead; beyond ; future ; previous; prior; former; recent; last ; destination; address; place where you do something ; rest (e.g. of a story); continuation; remaining part ; the other party

だ

x18 | Rank #8

be; is

何(ど)の

x1 | Rank #736

which; what (way)

補(ほ)強(きょう)

x1 | Rank #16,918

reinforcement; strengthening

工(こう)事(じ)

x1 | Rank #6,373

construction work

も

x17 | Rank #7

too; also; in addition; as well; (not) either (in a negative sentence) ; both A and B; A as well as B; neither A nor B (in a negative sentence) ; even; as much as; as many as; as far as; as long as; no less than; no fewer than ; even if; even though; although; in spite of ; further; more; again; another; the other

遠(えん)心(しん)力(りょく)

x1 | Rank #30,927

centrifugal force

重(じゅう)力(りょく)

x1 | Rank #4,950

gravity; gravitation; gravitational pull

発(はっ)生(せい)

x1 | Rank #2,200

occurrence; incidence; outbreak; birth (e.g. of civilization) ; generation (of power, heat, etc.); production ; ontogeny; development; growth; breeding

ために

x2 | Rank #168

for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; in favor of; in favour of; on behalf of ; because of; as a result of

カプセル

x1 | Rank #8,780

capsule

内(うち)側(がわ)

x1 | Rank #3,432

inside; interior; inner part

大(だい)地(ち)

x1 | Rank #2,375

earth; ground; the solid earth; the (vast) land

として

x2 | Rank #148

as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of) ; apart from... (used to change the topic) ; even (e.g. "not even a single person") ; thinking that...; trying to...

暮(く)らす

x1 | Rank #1,188

to live; to get along ; to spend (time)

ここ

x5 | Rank #56

here; this place ; this point; here; now ; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ... ; the next ... (e.g. few days); these next ...

首(しゅ)都(と)

x1 | Rank #7,032

capital (city); metropolis

ぎれん

x8 | Rank #44,358

Diet members' caucus; caucus of the Diet

無(む)駄(だ)

x1 | Rank #1,186

futility; waste; uselessness; pointlessness; idleness

わけ

x1 | Rank #9,152

reason; cause; grounds ; meaning; sense ; (good) sense; reason ; circumstances; case ; (romantic) relationship; love affair

には

x3 | Rank #38

to; for; on; in; at ; in order to; for ; as for; regarding ; while it is (was) the case that ...; indeed ... (but); certainly ... (but)

まいる

x1 | Rank #1,702

to go; to come; to call ; to be defeated; to collapse; to die ; to be annoyed; to be nonplussed ; to be madly in love ; to visit (shrine, grave)

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