too; also; in addition; as well; (not) either (in a negative sentence) ; both A and B; A as well as B; neither A nor B (in a negative sentence) ; even; as much as; as many as; as far as; as long as; no less than; no fewer than ; even if; even though; although; in spite of ; further; more; again; another; the other
indicates the subject of a sentence ; indicates possession ; but; however; (and) yet; though; although; while ; and ; used after an introductory remark or explanation ; regardless of ...; whether ... (or not); no matter ... ; indicates a desire or hope ; softens a statement ; indicates doubt ; indicates scorn
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since ; from (originator); by ; because; since ; out of (constituent, part) ; through (e.g. window, vestibule) ; after; since ; expresses sympathy or warning
already; yet; by now; now; (not) any more; (not) any longer ; soon; shortly; before long; presently ; further; more; again; another; the other ; jeez; geez; gee; boy; come on; damn; seriously
at (place, time); in; on; during ; to (direction, state); toward; into ; for (purpose) ; because of (reason); for; with ; by; from ; as (i.e. in the role of) ; per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month") ; and; in addition to ; if; although
to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain ; to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be) ; to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of ; to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished ; to change (into); to turn (into); to transform ; to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do) ; to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make ; to play (the part of); to act as ; to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as ; to be promoted
right?; isn't it?; doesn't it?; don't you?; don't you think? ; hey; say; listen; look; come on ; you know; you see; I must say; I should think ; will you?; please ; so, ...; well, ...; you see, ...; you understand? ; I'm not sure if ...; I have my doubts about whether ...
you said; he said; she said; they said ; even if ; do you seriously think that ; I already told you; you should know by now that; of course ; the said ...; said ... ; says that ... ; I hear that ... ; as for the term ... ; as for ...
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to have a good time ; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.) ; to be idle; to do nothing; to be unused ; to meet up (with friends); to hang out ; to give oneself up (to gambling, drinking, etc.) ; to go to (for pleasure or for study) ; to tease (someone); to play (with) ; to intentionally throw a ball to lower the batter's concentration
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to arrive ; to come back; to do ... and come back ; to come to be; to become; to get; to grow; to continue ; to come from; to be caused by; to derive from ; to come to (e.g. "when it comes to spinach ...")
to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to put to use ; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to handle; to manage; to manipulate ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend; to consume ; to use (language); to speak
to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do) ; to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable ; to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.) ; to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up ; to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready ; to grow (of a crop); to be produced ; to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character ; to be by nature; to be born ... ; to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone) ; to get pregnant
indicates direct object of action ; indicates subject of causative expression ; indicates an area traversed ; indicates time (period) over which action takes place ; indicates point of departure or separation of action ; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to unlock ; to open (for business, etc.) ; to empty; to remove; to make space; to make room ; to move out; to clear out ; to be away from (e.g. one's house); to leave (temporarily) ; to dawn; to grow light ; to end (of a period, season) ; to begin (of the New Year) ; to leave (one's schedule) open; to make time (for) ; to make (a hole); to open up (a hole)
there (place relatively near listener) ; there (place just mentioned); that place ; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised) ; you
house of parliament (congress, diet, etc.) ; graduate school; postgraduate school ; institution (often medical); institutional building; government office ; sub-temple; minor temple building; temple; cloister ; imperial palace ; title bestowed on empresses, princesses, etc. ; former (esp. of emperors, daimyos, etc.); late
spare time; free time; leisure ; time (it takes to do something); time required ; time off; leave; vacation; holiday ; dismissal; firing; severance; divorce ; free; not busy; unoccupied; idle ; slow (business); slack; dull ; to be free; to be not busy; to be available; to be doing nothing
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to carry ; to possess; to have; to own ; to maintain; to keep ; to last; to be durable; to keep; to survive ; to take charge of; to be in charge of ; to hold (meeting, etc.); to have (opportunity, etc.) ; to have "it"; to have that special something; to be blessed with good luck
indicates word or phrase being defined ; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.) ; with ; (not) as much as; (not) so much as ; the fact that; to think that; such a thing as
to become moist; to be moistened; to become damp; to get wet ; to profit (from); to benefit; to become prosperous; to flourish; to be made rich ; to be refreshed (of one's mind); to be enriched (of one's heart)
nicely; properly; well; skillfully; skilfully ; frequently; often ; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ... ; (you have) quite the nerve to; I don't know how you can ...