indicates the subject of a sentence ; indicates possession ; but; however; (and) yet; though; although; while ; and ; used after an introductory remark or explanation ; regardless of ...; whether ... (or not); no matter ... ; indicates a desire or hope ; softens a statement ; indicates doubt ; indicates scorn
at (place, time); in; on; during ; to (direction, state); toward; into ; for (purpose) ; because of (reason); for; with ; by; from ; as (i.e. in the role of) ; per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month") ; and; in addition to ; if; although
to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to put to use ; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to handle; to manage; to manipulate ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend; to consume ; to use (language); to speak
indicates direct object of action ; indicates subject of causative expression ; indicates an area traversed ; indicates time (period) over which action takes place ; indicates point of departure or separation of action ; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
thing; matter ; incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis ; circumstances; situation; state of affairs ; work; business; affair ; after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to ; nominalizing suffix ; pretending to ...; playing make-believe ... ; alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or ; necessity; need ; you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
to do; to carry out; to perform ; to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into) ; to serve as; to act as; to work as ; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.) ; to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as ; to decide on; to choose ; to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.) ; to be (in a state, condition, etc.) ; to be worth; to cost ; to pass (of time); to elapse
echo; reverberation ; sound (esp. the distinctive sound of an object or activity, e.g. rain, gun, gallop, drum); noise ; quality of a sound (e.g. a fine phrase, clear voice, resonant bell); feeling of a sound; emotion or feeling inspired by something heard or read
bang; bam; boom; thud; thump; crash ; noontime signal gun (carried out early Meiji to Taishō); noon gun; noonday gun ; last round in a game of 12 rounds ; precisely; exactly; plumb; totally; very ; Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; Ms.; -san
a little; a bit; slightly ; just a minute; for a moment; briefly ; somewhat; rather; fairly; pretty; quite ; (not) easily; (not) readily ; hey!; come on; excuse me ; thanks, but no; not feasible; not possible
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to unlock ; to open (for business, etc.) ; to empty; to remove; to make space; to make room ; to move out; to clear out ; to be away from (e.g. one's house); to leave (temporarily) ; to dawn; to grow light ; to end (of a period, season) ; to begin (of the New Year) ; to leave (one's schedule) open; to make time (for) ; to make (a hole); to open up (a hole)
to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain ; to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be) ; to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of ; to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished ; to change (into); to turn (into); to transform ; to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do) ; to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make ; to play (the part of); to act as ; to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as ; to be promoted
to call (someone) to (the door, phone, etc.); to tell (someone) to come; to call up (on the phone); to summon; to page; to invoke (e.g. a spirit) ; to invoke (e.g. a subroutine); to call; to open (e.g. a file)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since ; from (originator); by ; because; since ; out of (constituent, part) ; through (e.g. window, vestibule) ; after; since ; expresses sympathy or warning
to be solved; to be resolved ; to loosen; to come untied; to come undone ; to be removed (of restrictions); to be lifted (e.g. a ban); to be broken (spells, curses, etc.) ; to dissipate (of anger, tension, etc.); to melt away; to ease; to be appeased; to be resolved (of a dispute, misunderstanding, etc.); to be cleared up
you said; he said; she said; they said ; even if ; do you seriously think that ; I already told you; you should know by now that; of course ; the said ...; said ... ; says that ... ; I hear that ... ; as for the term ... ; as for ...
to do; to undertake; to perform; to play (a game); to study ; to send; to dispatch; to despatch ; to put; to move; to turn (one's head, glance, etc.) ; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status); to let have; to present; to bestow; to confer ; to make (a vehicle) go faster ; to run (a business); to keep; to be engaged in; to practice (law, medicine, etc.); to practise ; to have (food, drink, etc.); to eat; to drink; to smoke ; to hold (a performance); to perform; to show ; to ease (one's mind) ; to harm; to injure; to kill