Jiten beta

indicates possessive ; nominalizes verbs and adjectives ; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases ; indicates a confident conclusion ; indicates emotional emphasis ; indicates question

育(そだ)つ

| x2 | Rank #1,671

to be raised (e.g. child); to be brought up; to grow (up)

にくい

| x1 | Rank #1,728

difficult to ...; hard to ...

過(か)酷(こく)

| x4 | Rank #5,997

severe; harsh; hard; cruel; rigorous

風(ふう)土(ど)

| x1 | Rank #38,596

natural features; topography; climate; spiritual features

異(い)人(じん)

| x1 | Rank #39,820

foreigner (esp. one of European ancestry) ; different person

を

| x1804 | Rank #3

indicates direct object of action ; indicates subject of causative expression ; indicates an area traversed ; indicates time (period) over which action takes place ; indicates point of departure or separation of action ; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

信(しん)仰(こう)

| x1 | Rank #8,338

(religious) faith; belief; creed

する

| x240 | Rank #15

to do; to carry out; to perform ; to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into) ; to serve as; to act as; to work as ; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.) ; to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as ; to decide on; to choose ; to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.) ; to be (in a state, condition, etc.) ; to be worth; to cost ; to pass (of time); to elapse

怪(あや)しい

| x4 | Rank #1,243

suspicious; dubious; questionable; dodgy; shady; fishy ; doubtful; unsure; uncertain; unlikely; implausible ; untrustworthy; unreliable; clumsy; awkward; shaky; poor ; strange; weird; eerie; spooky; uncanny ; ominous (e.g. weather); threatening; dangerous (e.g. financial situation); uncertain ; suspicious (of a potential amorous relation) ; mysterious; bewitching; alluring; enticing; enchanting

ぐ

| x3 | Rank #3,156

foolishness; silliness; stupidity; folly ; I; me

邪(じゃ)教(きょう)

| x1 | Rank #38,357

heretical religion; damaging religion; heresy

徒(むだ)

| x2 | Rank #14,143

futility; waste; uselessness; pointlessness; idleness

達(たち)

| x40 | Rank #2,084

pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)

大(たい)陸(りく)

| x21 | Rank #6,921

continent ; continental Asia (esp. mainland China) ; continental Europe

北(ほっ)方(ぽう)

| x24 | Rank #21,983

the north; northward; northern direction ; northern part (e.g. of a country); northern district

は

| x1986 | Rank #2

indicates sentence topic ; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated) ; adds emphasis

常(ただ)

| x8 | Rank #2,164

ordinary; common; usual ; free of charge ; unaffected; as is; safe ; only; merely; just; simply ; but; however; nevertheless

に

| x1737 | Rank #5

at (place, time); in; on; during ; to (direction, state); toward; into ; for (purpose) ; because of (reason); for; with ; by; from ; as (i.e. in the role of) ; per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month") ; and; in addition to ; if; although

戦(たたか)い

| x23 | Rank #1,288

battle; war; fight; conflict ; fight (against time, poverty, etc.); struggle (for freedom, survival, etc.); war (e.g. on drugs); battle (e.g. against nature) ; contest; competition; match; game

歴(れき)史(し)

| x4 | Rank #1,836

history

で

| x452 | Rank #8

at; in ; at; when ; by; with

彩(いろど)る

| x1 | Rank #9,313

to colour; to color; to paint ; to apply make-up ; to decorate; to garnish; to adorn; to add flair

しかし

| x88 | Rank #252

however; but

彼(かれ)ら

| x5 | Rank #970

they; them

人(じん)

| x20 | Rank #235

-ian (e.g. Italian); -ite (e.g. Tokyoite) ; -er (e.g. performer, etc.); person working with ... ; man; person; people

間(あいだ)

| x15 | Rank #353

space (between); gap; interval; distance; stretch ; period of time (during, while); duration; interval ; between (two parties or things) ; among (a group) ; relations (between); relationship ; midpoint; average; halfway; middle ground ; due to; because of

には

| x175 | Rank #31

to; for; on; in; at ; in order to; for ; as for; regarding ; while it is (was) the case that ...; indeed ... (but); certainly ... (but)

生(い)き残(のこ)る

| x1 | Rank #2,579

to survive

為(ため)

| x1 | Rank #6,229

good; advantage; benefit; welfare ; sake; purpose; objective; aim ; consequence; result; effect ; affecting; regarding; concerning

闘(とう)争(そう)

| x1 | Rank #14,062

fight; battle; combat; conflict ; struggle (for rights, higher wages, etc.); strife; (labor) dispute; strike

美(び)

| x2 | Rank #3,611

beauty

とする

| x6 | Rank #683

to try to ...; to be about to do ... ; to decide to ... ; to take as; to treat as; to regard as ; to use for ; to suppose that (such) is the case; to assume ; to decide that; to think that ; to make into; to change into ; to feel (e.g. after sound symbolism or psychological experience word); to look; to feel like ; to intend; to have the intention

文(ぶん)化(か)

| x1 | Rank #4,116

culture; civilization; civilisation ; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)

が

| x1811 | Rank #4

indicates the subject of a sentence ; indicates possession ; but; however; (and) yet; though; although; while ; and ; used after an introductory remark or explanation ; regardless of ...; whether ... (or not); no matter ... ; indicates a desire or hope ; softens a statement ; indicates doubt ; indicates scorn

存(そん)在(ざい)

| x7 | Rank #589

existence; being; presence

切(き)り立(た)つ

| x1 | Rank #32,817

to rise perpendicularly; to tower steeply

崖(がけ)

| x2 | Rank #6,418

cliff; precipice ; precipice; brink of a dangerous situation

背(せい)

| x1 | Rank #2,168

height; stature

構(こう)築(ちく)

| x2 | Rank #8,800

construction; building; putting up; erecting; creation; formulation; architecture (systems, agreement, etc.)

岩(いわ)

| x2 | Rank #4,019

rock; boulder ; crag

都(みやこ)

| x1 | Rank #4,682

capital (esp. Kyoto, Japan's former capital); seat of government ; capital (of music, fashion, etc.); city (e.g. of light) ; location of the Imperial Palace

王(おう)

| x1 | Rank #2,028

king; ruler; sovereign; monarch ; tycoon; magnate; champion; master ; king (of the senior player)

住(す)まう

| x5 | Rank #7,646

to live; to reside; to inhabit

岩(がん)窟(くつ)

| x1 | Rank #73,165

cave; cavern

神(しん)殿(でん)

| x1 | Rank #11,323

temple; shrine; sanctuary

内(ない)部(ぶ)

| x2 | Rank #3,293

interior; inside; internal

蟻(あり)

| x1 | Rank #18,619

ant

巣(す)

| x2 | Rank #5,988

nest; rookery; breeding place; hive ; den ; haunt ; (spider's) web

ような

| x54 | Rank #104

like; similar to ; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that) ; feels like; feels similar to; feels as if

予(よ)測(そく)

| x1 | Rank #3,911

prediction; estimation

不(ふ)可(か)能(のう)

| x2 | Rank #1,819

impossible

迷(めい)路(ろ)

| x1 | Rank #10,335

maze; labyrinth ; inner ear

帝(てい)国(こく)

| x94 | Rank #6,819

empire ; Empire of Japan

敵(てき)対(たい)

| x3 | Rank #7,302

hostility; antagonism; opposition

者(もの)

| x55 | Rank #355

person

一(いち)度(ど)

| x12 | Rank #418

once; one time; on one occasion ; temporarily; for a moment ; one degree; one tone; one musical interval

迷(まよ)い込(こ)む

| x1 | Rank #8,495

to stray into; to lose one's way (and enter); to wander into

二(に)

| x27 | Rank #371

two; 2

度(たび)

| x3 | Rank #493

time (three times, each time, etc.); times

と

| x776 | Rank #6

if; when ; and ; with ; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.) ; promoted pawn ; indicates a question

出(で)る

| x49 | Rank #99

to leave; to exit; to go out; to come out; to get out ; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to start out; to set out ; to move forward ; to come to; to get to; to lead to; to reach ; to appear; to come out; to emerge; to surface; to come forth; to turn up; to be found; to be detected; to be discovered; to be exposed; to show; to be exhibited; to be on display ; to appear (in print); to be published; to be announced; to be issued; to be listed; to come out ; to attend; to participate; to take part; to enter (an event); to play in; to perform ; to be stated; to be expressed; to come up; to be brought up; to be raised ; to sell ; to exceed; to go over

くる

| x20 | Rank #50

to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to arrive ; to come back; to do ... and come back ; to come to be; to become; to get; to grow; to continue ; to come from; to be caused by; to derive from ; to come to (e.g. "when it comes to spinach ...")

といわれる

| x1 | Rank #8,728

to be called ...; to be referred to as ...

中(うち)

| x73 | Rank #111

inside; within ; while (e.g. one is young); during; within (e.g. a day); in the course of ; among; amongst; (out) of; between ; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.); amidst; with (e.g. success) ; within oneself; one's feelings; inner thoughts ; we; our company; our organization ; one's home; one's family ; my spouse; my husband; my wife ; signed on behalf of (husband's name) by his wife ; I; me

その

| x104 | Rank #23

that; the ; part (as in "part two") ; um ...; er ...; uh ...

部屋(へや)

| x40 | Rank #326

room; chamber ; apartment; flat; pad ; stable

ある

| x82 | Rank #32

to be; to exist; to live ; to have ; to be located ; to be equipped with ; to happen; to come about ; to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)

光(ひかり)

| x15 | Rank #930

light ; illumination; ray; beam; gleam; glow ; happiness; hope ; influence; power ; vision; eyesight ; optical fiber; optical fibre

受(う)け付(つ)ける

| x1 | Rank #8,455

to accept; to receive (an application); to take up ; to (be able to) take (food, medicine, etc.); to bear; to tolerate; to endure ; to be affected by; to take damage from

湿(しめ)り気(け)

| x1 | Rank #24,726

moisture

一(いっ)室(しつ)

| x1 | Rank #10,689

one room

闇(やみ)

| x135 | Rank #1,711

darkness; the dark ; bewilderment; despair; hopelessness ; hidden place; secrecy; oblivion ; black market; shady trading; underhand transactions; illegal channels

覆(おお)う

| x4 | Rank #3,619

to cover; to hide; to conceal; to wrap; to disguise

燭(しょく)台(だい)

| x1 | Rank #31,054

candlestick; candlestand

ランプ

| x1 | Rank #10,138

lamp; light

によって

| x2 | Rank #4,034

according to; due to; by (means of); because of; via; on the basis of; depending on

のみ

| x8 | Rank #1,282

only; nothing but

照(て)らす

| x4 | Rank #4,013

to shine on; to illuminate ; to compare (with); to refer to

壁(かべ)

| x2 | Rank #1,199

wall; partition ; barrier; obstacle; hindrance; difficulty ; Chinese "Wall" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)

一(いち)

| x53 | Rank #149

one; 1 ; best ; first; foremost ; beginning; start ; a (single); one (of many) ; ace ; bottom string (on a shamisen, etc.)

面(つら)

| x3 | Rank #1,413

face; mug ; surface ; cheek meat ; cheek; cheeks ; surrounding area

吊(つ)るす

| x1 | Rank #16,690

to hang; to hang up

用(よう)途(と)

| x1 | Rank #11,288

use; service; purpose

不(ふ)明(めい)

| x3 | Rank #3,058

unclear; obscure; indistinct; uncertain; ambiguous ; unknown; unidentified ; ignorance; lack of wisdom; lack of insight

道(どう)具(ぐ)

| x2 | Rank #1,869

tool; implement; instrument; utensil; apparatus; device ; means ; furniture

放(はな)つ

| x5 | Rank #1,586

to fire (gun, arrow, questions, etc.); to shoot; to hit (e.g. baseball); to break wind ; to set free; to release; to let loose ; to emit (e.g. light); to give off (e.g. a scent) ; to send out (a person to carry out a duty) ; to set fire to

内(ない)観(かん)

| x1 | Rank #80,510

introspection ; view from the inside; interior appearance ; implication

から

| x445 | Rank #12

from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since ; from (originator); by ; because; since ; out of (constituent, part) ; through (e.g. window, vestibule) ; after; since ; expresses sympathy or warning

予(よ)想(そう)

| x6 | Rank #1,945

expectation; anticipation; prediction; forecast; conjecture

奇(き)妙(みょう)

| x3 | Rank #3,737

strange; odd; peculiar; queer; curious

主(おも)

| x26 | Rank #2,294

chief; main; principal; important ; main secondary or supporting role (in kyogen)

世(よ)捨(す)て人(びと)

| x1 | Rank #42,828

hermit; recluse

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