substance; true form; true character ; main part; main unit; body (of a machine) ; object of worship (at a shrine, temple, etc.) ; noumenon ; base price; pre-tax price
at (place, time); in; on; during ; to (direction, state); toward; into ; for (purpose) ; because of (reason); for; with ; by; from ; as (i.e. in the role of) ; per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month") ; and; in addition to ; if; although
indicates the subject of a sentence ; indicates possession ; but; however; (and) yet; though; although; while ; and ; used after an introductory remark or explanation ; regardless of ...; whether ... (or not); no matter ... ; indicates a desire or hope ; softens a statement ; indicates doubt ; indicates scorn
relation; relationship; connection ; participation; involvement; concern ; influence; effect ; sexual relations; sexual relationship ; related to; connected to
place; spot; scene; site ; address ; district; area; locality ; one's house ; point; aspect; side; facet ; passage (in text); part ; space; room ; thing; matter ; whereupon; as a result ; about to; on the verge of
if; in case; if it is the case that; if it is true that ; as for; on the topic of ; if that's the case; if so; that being the case ; if possible; if circumstances allow
only; merely; nothing but; no more than ; approximately; about ; just (finished, etc.) ; as if to; (as though) about to; going to; on the point of; at any minute ; indicates emphasis ; always; constantly
indicates direct object of action ; indicates subject of causative expression ; indicates an area traversed ; indicates time (period) over which action takes place ; indicates point of departure or separation of action ; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since ; from (originator); by ; because; since ; out of (constituent, part) ; through (e.g. window, vestibule) ; after; since ; expresses sympathy or warning
to start; to begin; to commence; to initiate; to originate ; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to establish ; to start ...; to begin to ...
if; when; after ; when it comes to ...; as for ...; that ... ; why don't you ...; why not ...; how about ...; what about ... ; I tell you!; I said ...; I really mean ... ; vocative particle
bass range (in Japanese music) ; six even-numbered notes of the ancient chromatic scale ; Japanese seven-tone gagaku scale similar to Mixolydian mode (corresp. to: re, mi, fa, so, la, ti, do)
circle ; entirety; whole; full; complete ; money; dough; moola ; enclosure inside a castle's walls ; soft-shelled turtle ; suffix for ship names; suffix for names of people (esp. infants); suffix for names of swords, armour, musical instruments, etc.; suffix for names of dogs, horses, etc.
to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to put to use ; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to handle; to manage; to manipulate ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend; to consume ; to use (language); to speak
right?; isn't it?; doesn't it?; don't you?; don't you think? ; hey; say; listen; look; come on ; you know; you see; I must say; I should think ; will you?; please ; so, ...; well, ...; you see, ...; you understand? ; I'm not sure if ...; I have my doubts about whether ...
to take; to pick up; to grab; to catch; to hold ; to pass; to hand; to give ; to get; to obtain; to acquire; to win; to receive; to earn; to take (e.g. a vacation) ; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.); to take (a measure, attitude, etc.); to choose ; to remove; to get rid of; to take off ; to take away; to steal; to rob ; to eat; to have (e.g. lunch); to take (e.g. vitamins) ; to pick (e.g. flowers); to gather; to extract (e.g. juice); to catch (e.g. fish); to harvest (a crop) ; to take up (time, space); to occupy; to spare; to set aside ; to secure; to reserve; to save; to put aside; to keep
point (of a story, argument, etc.); key point; important part ; point; site; spot ; point (in scoring) ; point (in a loyalty program); points ; (percentage) point ; (decimal) point ; switch; points ; point (unit of type measurement) ; point (in a stock index) ; place where many fish gather
thing; matter ; incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis ; circumstances; situation; state of affairs ; work; business; affair ; after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to ; nominalizing suffix ; pretending to ...; playing make-believe ... ; alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or ; necessity; need ; you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
to do; to carry out; to perform ; to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into) ; to serve as; to act as; to work as ; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.) ; to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as ; to decide on; to choose ; to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.) ; to be (in a state, condition, etc.) ; to be worth; to cost ; to pass (of time); to elapse