thing; matter ; incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis ; circumstances; situation; state of affairs ; work; business; affair ; after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to ; nominalizing suffix ; pretending to ...; playing make-believe ... ; alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or ; necessity; need ; you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
and the like; such as; among other things; and so on ; or something; something like; a (certain) ; I hear that ...; people say that...; rumour has it that ... ; or something; something like; or whatever
substance; true form; true character ; main part; main unit; body (of a machine) ; object of worship (at a shrine, temple, etc.) ; noumenon ; base price; pre-tax price
indicates direct object of action ; indicates subject of causative expression ; indicates an area traversed ; indicates time (period) over which action takes place ; indicates point of departure or separation of action ; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to stop; to turn off ; to park ; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to hold back (tears); to hold (one's breath); to relieve (pain) ; to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade; to forbid; to prohibit ; to notice; to be aware of; to concentrate on; to pay attention to; to remember; to bear in mind ; to fix (in place); to fasten; to tack; to pin; to nail; to button; to staple ; to detain; to keep in custody
to throw down; to bring down; to blow down; to fell; to knock down; to set (something) down on its side; to turn (something) on its side; to recline (e.g. a seat) ; to kill; to defeat; to beat ; to overthrow; to trip up; to ruin ; to leave unpaid; to cheat
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since ; from (originator); by ; because; since ; out of (constituent, part) ; through (e.g. window, vestibule) ; after; since ; expresses sympathy or warning
at (place, time); in; on; during ; to (direction, state); toward; into ; for (purpose) ; because of (reason); for; with ; by; from ; as (i.e. in the role of) ; per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month") ; and; in addition to ; if; although
to challenge to (a fight, game, etc.); to throw down the gauntlet; to contend for ; to tackle (e.g. a problem); to attempt; to go after (a prize, record, etc.) ; to pressure (someone) for sex; to make advances to
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to go to war (with); to fight (with); to do battle (against) ; to compete (against) ; to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight; to contend; to resist
indicates the subject of a sentence ; indicates possession ; but; however; (and) yet; though; although; while ; and ; used after an introductory remark or explanation ; regardless of ...; whether ... (or not); no matter ... ; indicates a desire or hope ; softens a statement ; indicates doubt ; indicates scorn
indicates word or phrase being defined ; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.) ; with ; (not) as much as; (not) so much as ; the fact that; to think that; such a thing as
to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain ; to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be) ; to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of ; to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished ; to change (into); to turn (into); to transform ; to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do) ; to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make ; to play (the part of); to act as ; to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as ; to be promoted
to seize; to catch; to grasp; to grip; to grab; to clutch; to hold; to catch hold of; to lay one's hands on ; to obtain; to acquire; to get; to win; to capture ; to understand; to grasp; to comprehend
thing; object; article; stuff; substance ; one's things; possessions; property; belongings ; things; something; anything; everything; nothing ; quality ; reason; the way of things ; used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen ; item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ... ; cause of ...; cause for ... ; somehow; somewhat; for some reason ; really; truly
cover; covering; dust jacket; wrapper ; covering (a song); cover; cover version ; coverage ; to cover (a loss); to offset; to compensate for (e.g. a weakness); to make up for; to cover for (someone)
right?; isn't it?; doesn't it?; don't you?; don't you think? ; hey; say; listen; look; come on ; you know; you see; I must say; I should think ; will you?; please ; so, ...; well, ...; you see, ...; you understand? ; I'm not sure if ...; I have my doubts about whether ...
end; finish; place to stop ; bound; limit; end ; delivery date (of a futures contract) ; finale (of a noh song); end of an act (in jōruri or kabuki); final performance of the day (in vaudeville) ; trump card ; king (court card; in mekuri karuta and unsun karuta) ; counter for slices (esp. thick slices); counter for cuts (of fish, meat, etc.) ; only; just ; (ever) since; after ; continuously; remaining (in a particular state)